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arameters are thought of in terms of scope and constraints. ? 考評(píng)的范圍 ?考評(píng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)生預(yù)期作用的限制資源是什么? ? Source: external mandate—legislation, higher levels of government。 or work closely with the managers 績(jī)效考評(píng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與開發(fā) ? 確定工作結(jié)果和其他績(jī)效標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ? 考評(píng)系統(tǒng)所要監(jiān)控的績(jī)效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么?希望達(dá)到什么結(jié)果? ? Review program plans, prior research, work with managers and program delivery staff, clients or other external stakeholders ? 定義、評(píng)價(jià)和選擇評(píng)估指標(biāo) ? The heart of the performance measurement process ? 指標(biāo)來源: Prior research, other performance measurement system。 goals, objectives, and standards。 logical extension of the definition of what constitutes strong performance for a particular program ? 開發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)收集程序 ? 數(shù)據(jù)來源: records, operating data, existing MIS, direct observation, test, clinical examination, survey, etc. ? Collecting original data specifically for the purposes of performance measurement ? 提供數(shù)據(jù)收集的質(zhì)量保障 ? The intended users will only use the performance measurement systems only if they have faith in the reliability of the data. 績(jī)效評(píng)估考評(píng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與開發(fā) ? Specify the system design ? 確定報(bào)告的頻率和渠道 ? 決定分析和報(bào)告的形式 ? Present the data in the most intelligible and meaningful manner. ? 開發(fā)計(jì)算機(jī)操作軟件 ? 分配好維持系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的責(zé)任 ? 進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)測(cè)試 ? 全面實(shí)施系統(tǒng) ? 運(yùn)用、評(píng)價(jià)和修改系統(tǒng) 績(jī)效考評(píng)的局限性 ? 績(jī)效考評(píng)系統(tǒng)的目的是通過影響決策來改進(jìn)績(jī)效,但是它們并不能完全控制決策。 ? 并非所有機(jī)構(gòu)或項(xiàng)目都同樣適用于績(jī)效考評(píng)。 ? 目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換問題 ? 績(jī)效考評(píng)的成本 Logic Model Linking Resources to Results Drivers Ultimate Outes Intermediate Outes Immediate Outes Outputs Activities Inputs $$ Employees IT tools Equipment Facilities Authorities Products and services delivered Changes in behavior of system or individuals Societal impact External causes Processes Methods Impact on recipient Technical quality 空中交通控制 Resource 專業(yè)控制員、觀察塔 計(jì)算機(jī)和通迅系統(tǒng) Program activities 觀察、溝通、 指導(dǎo)、建議 Outputs 在機(jī)場(chǎng)、終點(diǎn)站 飛行途中所處理 的飛行段數(shù) Initial outes 保證飛機(jī)之間 有足夠的空間 Intermediate outes Longerterm outes