教育心理學(xué)雙語(yǔ)(編輯修改稿)
2025-09-03 10:51 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 deas?1. What can the kids do with their hands?2. What have they known about my content?3. Can I make the content into tasks for small groups?4. What abilities of the kids can I use in the class?5. Is it possible to introduce other areas into this class?6. How long do I plan for the kids to sit and listen to me?7. What else may draw the children attention?TOPIC 5 Behavioral Theories of Learning（1）Theoretical Basislearning學(xué)習(xí)extinction消失stimulus刺激classical conditioning經(jīng)典條件反射Laboratory實(shí)驗(yàn)室operant conditioning操作性條件反射conditioned stimulus有條件刺激negative/positive reinforcer負(fù)強(qiáng)化/正強(qiáng)化unconditioned stimulus無(wú)條件刺激primary/second reinforcer一級(jí)強(qiáng)化物二級(jí)強(qiáng)化物neutral stimulus無(wú)關(guān)刺激punishment懲罰shaping塑造一級(jí)強(qiáng)化物：滿足人類的基本需求二級(jí)強(qiáng)化物：與一級(jí)強(qiáng)化物相聯(lián)系1. How can we use reinforcement in the classroom?1. Decide what behaviors you want。2. Tell the students what behaviors you want。 3. Reinforce the wanted behaviors and tell the students why。4. Reinforce proper behaviors as soon as possible。5. Get the students to judge their own and their classmates’ behaviors and try to tell why.6. Make sure to turn them into new habits.2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the usage of reinforcement? 優(yōu)點(diǎn)1. 低端學(xué)生形成新行為時(shí)非常有效。2. 通過(guò)培養(yǎng)新行為來(lái)減少不良行為缺點(diǎn)：1. 讓孩子形成依賴2. 被動(dòng)習(xí)慣TOPIC 5 Behavioral Theories of Learning（2）Reinforcement1. Can you tell the process of a reinforcement?Operation pleasant consequence strengthening behavior2. What is the general way to use reinforcement in your class?1. Decide what behaviors you want2. Tell the students what behaviors you want3. Reinforce the wanted behaviors and tell the students why4. Reinforce proper behaviors as soon as possible5. Get the students to judge their own and their classmates’ behaviors and try to tell why6. Make sure to turn them into new habits3. What can we do if we want to stop the kids’ learned behaviors?(If you want to stop a learned behavior….)1. Neglecting and patience are usually needed2. Telling kids what you will do and why3. Shift your attention to his other behavior 4. Praising him once he has improvement, even very little. Shaping a new behavior is usually a way to stop an unwanted one.4. What should you do if you want to stop or form a behavior according to theory of reinforcement?2+35. What should you avoid doing when using reinforceme
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