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re perfect(將來(lái)完成時(shí)) Present perfect progressive(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)) Past perfect progressive(過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)) voice(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) Passive voice in simple tenses(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般式) Passive voice in perfect and progressive tenses(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的完成式和進(jìn)行式) Passive voice of phrasal verbs(短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) Passive voice of modal verbs(含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) mood(虛擬語(yǔ)氣) in conditional sentences(用于條件句中) if+Ved1……would+V if +had+Ved2……would+have+Ved2 if+should/were to+V,…would+V omission of if(if的省略) in the following thatclause after(用于下列動(dòng)詞的that賓語(yǔ)從句中):wish,demand,suggest,etc.It+be+suggested /desirable.etc.suggestion,remendation,etc. In the following clauses and construction(用于下列從句和結(jié)構(gòu)中)as if+clause,as though+ clauseIt is time thatwould rather V(Infinitive動(dòng)詞不定式) as subject,object,attribute and plement(用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) Indicating purpose/result(表示目的/結(jié)果) It+(be)+Adj(+for+sb.)+to V whwords+to V(phrase)(疑問(wèn)詞加不定式[短語(yǔ)]) to be+Ved2,to have+Ved2, to be+Ving2(不定式的被動(dòng)式、完成式和進(jìn)行式)(Gerund動(dòng)名詞) as object,subject and predicative(用作賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)) Prep+Ving1 It+be+…+Ving1 N/Pron or their Possessive+Ving1 as subject and object(名詞/代詞或其所有格加動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)) Prep+N/Pron or their possessive+Ving1;(介詞加名詞/代詞或其所有格加動(dòng)名詞) Being+Ved2,having+V-ed2(動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式和完成式) and Ved2(present and past participle現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞) as premodifier and postmodifier in a noun Phrase(作名詞的前位和后位修飾語(yǔ)) as plement(作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) as an adverb clause equivalent(作狀語(yǔ)) when/While,etc.+Ving2/V-ed2(when/while等十現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞)(with)N+Ving2/Ved2([with]十名詞十現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞) being+Ved2,having+Ved2,having been+V-ed2 as an adverb or adjective clause equivalent(現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式、完成式和完成被動(dòng)式作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句) sentence Patterns and sentence elements(基本句型和句子成分)Pattern l:S+VPattern 2:S + V+Cspattern 3:S+V十0Pattern 4:S+V+Oi+OdPattern 5:S十V+Od+Co of basic sentence patterns(基本句型轉(zhuǎn)換) Interrogative form(疑問(wèn)形式) Negative form(否定形式) Imperative form(命令形式) Passive form(被動(dòng)形式) be(There be結(jié)構(gòu)) There+(be)+N+Adv There will/modal V 十be/exist(s)/seem(s)to be appear(s)to be十N+Adv There(be)+N+Adj/Ving2/Ved2/to V/relative clause(一致關(guān)系) Between subject and predicate V(主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致關(guān)系) Between pronoun and its antecedent(代詞與其先行詞的一致關(guān)系) clause(名詞從句) that and omission of that(that和that的省略) whether,if which(ever),who(ever),whom,whose when,where,why,how,how much/many/long/often what,whatever clause(定語(yǔ)從句) Restrictive and nonrestrictive(限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句) that,which,who,whom,when,where,why Whose Omission of that/which(that/Which的省略)(N + Pron +)Prep十which/whom/whose the same/such…as which/as(with sentential antecedent)(which/as指代句子)(同位關(guān)系) Noun in apposition(名詞作同位語(yǔ)) Appositive clause(同位語(yǔ)從句) Noun phrase as appositive to clause(名詞短語(yǔ)作句子的同位語(yǔ)). that is(to say),for example,etc. of time and space(時(shí)間從句和地點(diǎn)從句) when(ever),while,as,after,before,since where(ever) until,till once, the moment, as soon as,each time,immediately(that),no sooner… than of condition, concession and contrast(條件從句、讓步從句和對(duì)比從句) if, unless provided/providing(that),as/so long as,In case,on condition that,supposing though,although,whether,even though,even If no matter+whwords whwords+ever whereas,while Adj/Adv+as/though of cause,result and purpose(原因從句、結(jié)果從句和目的從句) because,as,for,for,for this reason,etc. hence,therefore,then,as a result of, etc. for, for this purpose, with this in mind, lest, in order than, etc. of manner and parison(方式從句和比較從句) as, as……as, not so(as),more than, less than, no/not more than as, just as as if, as though of proportion and other types(表示比較關(guān)系的從句和其它從句) the…the… as…So… except that (并列) Coordinators:and,both…and,not only…but(also),as well as,either…or,neither…nor,whether…or,not…but,for,etc. with introductory it(用引導(dǎo)詞it的從句) Anticipatory it as subject or object it in emphatic sentence. It is/was…that/who(替代形式) Proforms for noun phrases(名詞短語(yǔ)的替代形式) 3rd person pronouns,and plurals of the 1st and 2nd person Pronouns(第三人稱代詞、第一和第二人稱代詞的復(fù)數(shù)) indefinite pronouns(不定代詞)(+of+N/Pron) one,ones,that,those The same,the former,the latter Proforms for adverbials(狀語(yǔ)的替代形式)here,then,thus Proforms for Predicate(謂語(yǔ)的替代形式) do,do so so do,so will Sentence/Clause reference(句子或從句的替代形式) this,the following so,not. A:Do you think he will e?B:Yes,I think so.(or)No,I think not. modification(割裂) Separation of relative clause from its antecedent(定語(yǔ)從句與所修飾的名詞割裂) Separation of V-ing2/Ved2/Prepphrase from its head noun(現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/介詞短語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞割裂) Separation of appositive(clause)from its antecede