【正文】 不應危害社會公共利益和他人的基本權利。? Useful Words and Expressions 詞匯提示 宗教信仰 religious belief 人權 human right 不容忍 intolerance 歧視 discrimination 主權國家 sovereign countries 立法 legislation 實現(xiàn) to implement 公共利益 public interests? Reference Version 參考譯文 The freedom of religious belief is a basic human right. All forms of intolerance and discrimination based on religion should be opposed. All sovereign countries should implement and guarantee the freedom of religious belief through legislation and related measures. The exercise of right to freedom of religious belief should not violate laws and regulations or harm public interests and the basic rights of others.? Translation Technique 翻譯技巧：逆向譯法 漢語和英語在表達肯定或否定意義時，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)截然不同的表達方式。漢語用否定結構表達的內容，地道的英語可能用肯定結構來表達；反之亦然。翻譯的時候就得采用“逆向譯法” 反說正譯，或者正說反譯。A. 反說正譯1．閑人免進。 Employees Only.2．地板未干! Wet Floor!3．此路不通。 Dead Lane.4．勿踏草地! Keep off the lawn!5．售出概不退換。 All sales are final.6．通道禁止擺攤。 keep this passageway clear.7．他有勇無謀。 He is more brave than wise.8．眼不見，心不煩。 Out of sight，out of mind.9．聰明人不為甜言蜜語所動。 A wise man is superior to flattery.10．據(jù)說村子里沒有小偷。 The village is said to be free of thieves.11．這本書5歲孩子讀不懂。 The book is beyond the knowledge of a fiveyearold child.12．我倒希望你明天來，而不是今天。 I would rather you e tomorrow than today.B．正說反譯13．游客止步。 No visitors. / Crews Only.14．人固有一死。 There is no marl who will not die.15．規(guī)則皆有例外。 There is no rule but has exception.16．開卷有益。 One cannot read a book without learning something.17．他們很快就要簽合同了。 It will not be long before they sign a contract.18．這個孩子對什么都感興趣。 There is nothing that the child is not interested in.? Supplementary Vocabulary and Expressions 補充詞匯并存 coexistence不歧視 nondiscrimination承認 recognition道教 Taoism對各教一視同仁 to treat all religions equally法律保障各教間平等 the equality of different religions guaranteed by law佛教 Buddhism古蘭經(jīng) Koran觀音 Guanyin國教 state religion和為貴 harmonious human relationships基督教 Christianity兼容并蓄 the coexistence of things of a diverse nature喇嘛教 Lamaism門神 the door god彌勒佛 Maitreya迷信 superstition民間信仰 folk beliefs魔 evil spirit排斥 exclusion偏袒 bias強迫 coercion清真寺 mosque求同存異 seeking mon ground while reserving differences區(qū)別 differentiation如來佛 Tagathe Buddha神明 deities慎終追遠 to carefully attend to the funeral rites of parents，following them when gone with due sacrifices圣靈 the Holy Spirit太上老君 the Laoist incarnation of Lao Zi天主教 Catholicism投胎轉世 reincarnation圖騰崇拜 worship of totem土地爺 the land god歪理邪說 heretical ideas王母娘娘 the Empress of the West仙家 immortal限制 limitation享有 possession新教 Protestants信徒 congregation行使 exercise；execution壓制 oppression伊斯蘭教 Islam玉皇大帝 the Jade Emperor灶王爺 the kitchen god真主 the Allah of Islam爭斗 conflict宗教界人士 religious munity宗教糾紛 religious disputes祖先崇拜 worship of ancestorsText 7 作為中國最早的教育中心和科學研究中心，北京大學聚集了中國優(yōu)秀的專家學者，不斷開拓創(chuàng)新，改造發(fā)展，以培養(yǎng)出的高質量人才和做出的高水平科學成果深刻影響和推動著中國高等教育的航程。 一百年來，北京大學為代表的中國現(xiàn)代大學群，在中國走向現(xiàn)代化的歷史進程中起到了重要的先鋒作用，形成了光榮的革命傳統(tǒng)和優(yōu)良的學術傳統(tǒng)。 ? Useful Words and Expressions 詞匯提示 專家學者 specialists and scholars 創(chuàng)新 to blaze new trails 高質量人才 highquality talent 高水平科學成果 high—level scientific fruits 影響和推動 to influence and advance 航程 the range 以……為代表 with…as one’s representative 先鋒作用 a pioneering rote 歷史進程 historical course光榮的革命傳統(tǒng) a glorious revolutionary tradition優(yōu)良的學術傳統(tǒng) an exemplary academic tradition? Reference Version 參考譯文As China’s earliest center of education and scientific research, Beijing University has gathered China’s most brilliant specialists and scholars, continuously opened up, blazed new trails engaged itself in reform and development for training highquality talent and achieving highlevel scientific fruits that deeply influenced and advanced the range of China’s higher education. Over the past hundred years, this group of China’s contemporary universities, with Beijing University as its stellar representative has played a pioneering role in China’s historical course towards modernization, forming a glorious revolutionary as well as an exemplary academic tradition. ? Translation Difficulty 翻譯難點：否定句漢語和英語在表達否定意義時，使用的詞匯，語法，甚至邏輯思維都有很大差異。但是，就這兩種語言的否定句型而言，也存在著相同或相似之處。從功能上來劃分，否定句大體可分為五類：A．完全否定句完全否定指對全句的否定，一點不帶任何肯定成分。漢語中常用的完全否定詞語有：“任何……都不”、“完全不／沒有……”、“從不／沒有……”、“永不……”等。英語中的常見否定詞有：no，none，nobody，never，neither，nothing，nowhere，nor等。1．所有的產品都不受歡迎。None of the products are popular.2．他們昨天哪兒也沒去。They went nowhere yesterday.3．她從不買那樣的東西。She’d buy nothing like that.4．對貴方所報的電傳打字機，我們目前暫無興趣。At present moment．we have no interest in teleprinters offered by you.B．部分否定句部分否定指對否定對象的一部分的否定，或不同程度的否定。漢語句常用詞語有：“不全是”、“不都是”、“并非人人”、“未必都”、“不?！薄ⅰ安⒉豢偂?、“并非完全”、“不多”等。英語則用否定詞not與一些不定代詞或副詞連用來表示。這些不定代詞主要有：all，every，both，many；副詞有：always，often，quite，usually，entirely，altogether等。5．來函所詢的商品不全是我公司經(jīng)營的。All the items enquired for in your letter are not handled by this Corp.6．他們晚上總是不在家。They do not always stay at home in the evening.7．尿素和復合肥不是都有貨可供。Both urea and pound fertilizers are not available for supply.8．并非人人能取得這一成就。Not everyone can make this achievement.C．雙重否定句雙重否定即否定的否定，實質上是強調語氣的肯定。漢語句里兩個否定詞連用來表示雙重否定。如：“沒有……不”、“不可能不”、“不……不”，或者一個否定詞加一個否定意義的動詞，如：“不容否定”，“不能不承認”等。英語雙重否定的結構是否定詞no not, never．nowhere，nobody，nothing等與有否定意義的詞連用。9．經(jīng)濟不增長，供應也無法保障。Supplies can not be ensured without economic growth.10．沒有一個地方我們沒找過。Nowhere have we not searched.11．控制工業(yè)廢水以保證進水的可用性，這不是不可能的。It is not impossible to control industrial waste water to preserve the availability of receiving water.12．不管他多么努力，他總不能考試及格。 No matter how hard he tried, he could never succeed in passing the exams.13．沒有人不抱怨那噪聲。Nobody has not plained about the noise.D．強調否定句強調否定指：以語法或詞匯的方式強調否定的程度。漢語里經(jīng)常用于強調否定的詞匯有：“決不”、“從未”、“決沒有”、“毫無”、“毫不”、“一點兒也不”、“簡直不可能”等；英語中表示強調否定的常見詞匯有：never，not，li