【導(dǎo)讀】體育是社會文明的標志。2020年北京奧運會的舉辦，大大激起了民眾的體。育熱情，體育新聞報道成為人們了解體育賽事，關(guān)注世界體育發(fā)展的重要渠道。英語體育新聞除具有一般新聞的特點外，自身有其獨特的語言特色及文體特征。本文主要通過分析著名的英語體育新聞報紙或雜志來研究其詞匯。特征,即體育專業(yè)術(shù)語、縮略語、修辭和俚語的使用。然而,不同種類的詞匯其。略語以及部分使用修辭的詞匯的翻譯；意譯，即將詞匯的隱含意義翻譯出來，遞的信息，進而促進不同國家民族之間體育信息的交流與發(fā)展。

　　

【正文】 rhetoric can make the news more vivid and effective. Here, we mainly introduce two rhetorical methods: metaphor and metonymy. Metaphor Metaphor is a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity. Just as Shu Dingfang said “as long as in a certain context, a kind of things is used to express another different kind of things, then they form a metaphor”. In English sports news, metaphor is usually related to the information of national culture, because language is the carrier of culture. The use of metaphor makes the news more lively and succinct. Let?s take a piece of VOA news as an example. (2) He sacrifices a lot。 plays physical, and tough inside, and he39。s been an excellent third down receive. He brings some fire to the game. (Sep. 05, 2020). “Fire” literally means“火 ”. With fire, there must be light and heat and we can also have feelings of exuberant vitality. In the occasion, fire refers to the energy the player brings to the game. Metonymy Metonymy refers to the substitution of the name of an attribute or feature for the name of the thing itself. In metonymy, a replacement can be the attribute of the replaced thing or closely related to the replaced one. Sometimes, we use a part of a thing to mean the whole one in 本科畢業(yè)論文 11 metonymy. Generally, names of sports anizations or teams are very long, for economic reasons, sports news English often uses people39。s name or pet name instead. For instance, we choose “Rockets” to represent the team Huston Rockets, because NASA control center is located in Houston. Michael Jordan has led Chicago Bulls gain the NBA championships for six times, so his name is replaced by “flying man (飛人 ).” Sometimes, a unique feature of one place is used to represent the place. Look at the following example: (3) The samba star, billed as the next big thing to e out of samba football, is an established star back in Brazil. (China Daily, February 14, 2020) Here, samba(桑巴舞 )substitutes Brazil or Brazil football, because samba is a kind of Brazil social dance originating from Africa, which is very popular in Brazil and has impressive national connotation. For the reason, samba has some attached links with Brazil, so it can be the replacement of Brazil. Slang Slang refers to informal language which consists of words and expressions that are not considered appropriate for formal occasions. Most sports enthusiasts are young people, and they are the main groups purchasing sports newspapers and magazines. In order to meet their needs, the sports news vocabulary tends to be more and more entertaining and colloquial. Since the mid 1960s, more and more slang or colloquial words have appeared in English sports news. With the increasing popularity of sports news in mass media, the news must link with the readers39。 living pace and reading ability. More and more slang is used in sports news to choose the slang39。s implied meaning in sports context. The following chart lists some frequently used sports slang. 本科畢業(yè)論文 12 Slang Sports context benchwarmer 替補 隊員 clear the final hurdle 越過最后一道跨欄掃除最后障礙 jump the gun 搶跑 on the rope (拳擊中被擊倒在護繩上 )完全無力回擊 warm up 熱身活動 Beat the pants off 取得大勝 Take lumps 出局 ,失敗 Let?s take several pieces of news as examples: (4) Manchester United beat Arsenal pants off in the first leg of European Cup. (China Daily, February 20, 2020) In the sentence, “beat the pants off” is a colloquial and humorous expression, literally meaning “drag somebody?s pants off”, while in the context, it means “win and shame the opponent”. (5) Houston Rockets will take their lumps soon because they have little experience of postseason. (China Daily, April 100, 2020) Here “take lumps” is an American slang. It means “fail or be faced with difficulties”. (6) Congratulations, Sammy. You just bought yourself a benchwarmer seat to the apocalypse. (21stCentury ,May 17, 2020) In the sentence, “benchwarmer” is slang, literally means “the person who always sits on the bench”, but we use its implied meaning “the substituting players in games” in sports context. 本科畢業(yè)論文 13 Summary Vocabulary is the most important part in prehending English sports news, because there are many sports terminology and other types of vocabulary, The chapter mainly introduces four lexical features of English sports news by analyzing many pieces of sports news, that is, sports terminology, abbreviations, rhetoric and slang. 本科畢業(yè)論文 14 Chapter4 Lexical Translation of English Sports News According to what we have analyzed in the previous chapter, there are various types of vocabulary in English sports news, so it is hard to give a specific and fixed translation method. Generally, according to Nida39。s theory of “functional equivalence”, the author introduces two translation methods which are monly used: literal translation and free translation. Literal Translation Although different nations have different cultures and customs, humankind as a whole, has shared noncultural knowledge, that is, different nations have something shared which is not learned from each other but based on human39。s similar cognition process. As for the vocabulary in English sports news, the sports terminology and the names or the abbreviations related to sports should be translated literally. Look at the following examples: (7) Violence broke out as angry fans invaded the pitch when the referee awarded a penalty to the other side. (Washington Post, November29, 2020) 看到 裁判 判對方罰球時，怒氣沖沖的球迷沖進 比賽場地 ，于是就引發(fā)了一場暴力沖突。 There are several meanings of “pitch” in the dictionary, while in sports area, pitch can be treated as a professional word, which means “比賽場地 ”. The word “referee” is sp