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terials are far from satisfying the requirements in logistics professional education. These teaching materials are either unsystematic or the contents are inplete. 2. 7 Inplete enterprise managerial system At present, problems involving inplete enterprise managerial system, imperfect and unsystematic business materials monly exist in China’s logistics enterprises. Many logistics enterprises such as post office originally have strict regulations over all—round working procedures, but some accidents that could have been avoided are caused because the implementation of those regulations are watered down more or less. For instance, the regulation says that for tracking down where it is in case of accident registered post parcels must be kept record at every large post 9 / 16 station on its way to destination. At present, problems involving inplete enterprise managerial system, imperfect and unsystematic business materials monly exist in China’s logistics enterprises. Many logistics enterprises such as post office originally have strict regulations over all—round working procedures, but some accidents that could have been avoided are caused because the implementation of those regulations are watered down more or less. For instance, the regulation says that for tracking down where it is in case of accident registered post parcels must be kept record at every large post station on its way to destination. Some logistics enterprises are serious and prudent when they constitute relevant operating manuals and web pages. But after a certain period of time, they can not maintain the materials as at the beginning and thus cause the on problems presently exist in part of logistics enterprises: new regulations and contents not listed, manuals and web pages not up dated in time, some new regulations and rules not conveyed to operators,clients and users not receive the latest business information. 2. 8 Inadequate measure for environment protection With the development of logistics industry, led by traffic and transport problems as urban atmospheric pollution, leftover materials from the processing an d production of consumer products, wrapping wastes from logistics process, environment protection seems increasingly important. Elaborately protecting the global environment and resources shared by human being, ensuring sustained economy and production development as well as considering our offspring have bee the on goal of the universe. Presently some of domestic logistics enterprises haven’t been fully aware of the significance of environment protection that they haven’t adopted an y effective measures. For instance. some logistics enterprises locating themselves at downtown city caused that urban environment have been polluted seriously by coal, oil, special or, wastes and equipment noise. Besides, some other logistics flammables and explosives, severely. enterprises keep great deal of which threat urban security severely. 2. 9 Shortage of modem system technology bearing intellectual property rights Be faced with increasingly intense market petition. enterprises ask for stringent demands of modem logistics system. Products of overseas top—ranking logistics panies discovered that China has a vast market prospect of logistics, are pouring into China. However, importing modem logistics system is not only cosdy but also dependent. In long—run operation, another disadvantage is the shortage of effective,timely service and technical support. Therefore ,developing modem logistics system and technology with selfdetermined intellectual property rights domestically has significant meaning. The innovation fruits bearing selfdetermined property rights have been achieved but large gap between ours and foreign leading counterparts still exist. 10 / 16 譯文: 研究物流業(yè)及中 國物流技術(shù) 摘 要 為了進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)同中國發(fā)展物流業(yè) ,作者基于中國物流業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀 ,肯定其在中國工業(yè)發(fā)展過程中所取得的成就。通過學(xué)習(xí)物流產(chǎn)業(yè)的各方面 ,包括了解物流產(chǎn)業(yè),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)術(shù)語 ,物流技術(shù)和管理知識 ,剖析主要的問題存在于中國當(dāng)前的物流業(yè) ,并提出合理化建議。 關(guān)鍵詞:物流,發(fā)展,問題,方法 1 前 言 現(xiàn)代物流工業(yè)是現(xiàn)代最受歡迎的行業(yè)。自從 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代早期物流概念從海外引入,物流業(yè)得到了迅猛的發(fā)展。目前 ,我國已有相當(dāng)多的物流園區(qū)及中心 ,發(fā)展了一系列現(xiàn)代物流技術(shù)和取得了一大批自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的創(chuàng)新成果。研制開發(fā)了具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的集成化物流管理系統(tǒng)( LOG++/SMCS),成功實現(xiàn)了與著名 ERP 系統(tǒng)( SAP R/3)的實時連接。改變了我國傳統(tǒng)物流系統(tǒng)性能單一、集成度低的現(xiàn)狀,標(biāo)志著我國物流軟件系統(tǒng)與國際現(xiàn)代物流管理系統(tǒng)的接軌。研究開發(fā)了新型結(jié)構(gòu)快速堆垛機。其運行速度 0~ 150m/min,起升速度 0~40m/min,貨叉速度 0~ 20/40m/min;水平方向采用激光測距技術(shù),測距誤差177。1mm( 500m 以內(nèi)),定位精度達(dá)到 177。3mm;垂直方向采用旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器加齒形帶技術(shù),定位精度達(dá)到 177。3mm。進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)研究和動態(tài)性能分析,增加了設(shè)備的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性;成功地將激光認(rèn)址和旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器、齒形帶測距等新型 檢測技術(shù)整合到一起,運用于認(rèn)址,從根本上改變了傳統(tǒng)的認(rèn)址方式,并采用冗余控制技術(shù)和故障自診斷技術(shù)等大大提高系統(tǒng)的效率與可靠性;新型貨叉結(jié)構(gòu)、帶尺寸檢測與條形碼檢測的新型載貨臺等 10 多項新技術(shù),促進(jìn)了物流關(guān)鍵設(shè)備的技術(shù)進(jìn)步,大大縮短我國物流關(guān)鍵設(shè)備與國際先進(jìn)水平的差距。在 2021 年,國內(nèi)外首創(chuàng)開發(fā)了具有國際先進(jìn)水平的推挽式激光導(dǎo)引 AGV 小車(專利產(chǎn)品);攻克了路徑規(guī)劃、反射板布置、精確定位等難題,使小車能在卷接包機組內(nèi)安全、靈活地行走和定位,實現(xiàn)完全自動化運送。 2021 年設(shè)計應(yīng)用具有國際先進(jìn)水平的視覺識別移動 式機器人自動輔料搭配系統(tǒng)。紅河卷煙廠自動化物流系統(tǒng)和聯(lián)想電腦公司集成化物流系統(tǒng)的成功開發(fā)與應(yīng)用,填補了多項國內(nèi)空白,創(chuàng)新出一批具有國際先進(jìn)水平的系統(tǒng)和設(shè)備,大大縮小我國物流系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵設(shè)備及主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)與先進(jìn)國家的差距,在行業(yè)中產(chǎn)生了廣泛影響。經(jīng)過多年研究和探索,太原鋼運儲存公司通過與科研機構(gòu)的合作,成功地發(fā)展出由電腦計劃設(shè)計的自動化的倉儲打包系統(tǒng),同樣也是處于世界領(lǐng)先水平。由于受到政府的大力指出與重視,中國的現(xiàn)代物流業(yè)正以前所未有的速度發(fā)展。 但是,還是值得指出的是,中國的物流業(yè)整體還是處在初級階段。中國在 2021年的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值是 1000億元,其中流通領(lǐng)域總占比重僅僅百分之 這比發(fā)達(dá)國家如英美日要低許多。 2021 年,沃爾瑪,世界零售巨頭的銷售總額達(dá) 億美元,占中國年零售業(yè)總額的 46%。從上面可以看出,沃爾瑪?shù)匿N售額以每年 20—30 億美元的速度增長。在國內(nèi)的零售業(yè)領(lǐng)先的上海聯(lián)合利華僅僅XX 人民幣,占沃爾瑪?shù)?7%。從上面的資料我們可以看出我們與國外發(fā)達(dá)國家物流業(yè)的差距鴻溝。相對的,這些數(shù)據(jù)也告訴我們,我國的物流業(yè)有巨大的潛力和發(fā)展空間,甚至許多是中國現(xiàn)代物流業(yè)的瓶頸,在發(fā)展的過程中凸現(xiàn)出來 。應(yīng)該引起我國物流界工作人員的重 物流英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯及物流論文參考文獻(xiàn) 2 主要問題 11 / 16 2. 1 東西部沿海城市與內(nèi)陸城市發(fā)展不平衡 中國物流業(yè)處于初始階段。在大多數(shù)情況下,我們所說的物流是指代狹義上的物流概念:基本的運輸及存儲功能。真正的現(xiàn)代物流集中在一些相對發(fā)達(dá)的東部和南方地區(qū),在廣大的中部,西部和偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)物流還根本沒有開始。即使是在發(fā)展的東部中國,中國南方和沿海城市,社會水平和通行的市場準(zhǔn)則很不成熟。根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)資料,有形物資的運輸占市場總規(guī)模的約 60%70%。 2. 2 無序與粗糙的計劃 物流園區(qū) 是一個內(nèi)有一家以上的物流公司或運送中心的特定的集中地。操作物流園區(qū),可以形成規(guī)模效應(yīng)從而減低成本。物流園區(qū)的構(gòu)建應(yīng)該對城市運送交通,城市生態(tài)環(huán)境,合城市規(guī)劃起良性作用。但是,大多數(shù)城市物流園區(qū)的規(guī)劃是掌握在當(dāng)?shù)卣种械?。近來,一些本地政府并不太清晰地說明了物流行業(yè)的深層意義。相反地,他們錯誤的認(rèn)為物流業(yè)無論如何會使經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇。結(jié)果,許多地區(qū)紛紛規(guī)劃籌建大批物流圈,物流園區(qū)或物流中心?,F(xiàn)在很多物流園區(qū)都在規(guī)劃 ,基層建設(shè)階段 ,既不規(guī)劃未來更高水平 ,也不連接到周邊地區(qū) ,也沒有充分進(jìn)行研究和調(diào)查當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)情況 , 當(dāng) 地微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)取向與當(dāng)?shù)刎涍\流量 . 這些物流園區(qū)沒