【文章內容簡介】 n a series of pragmatic books concern family life, daily social munication, correspondence and restaurant participants in these conversations are normally husband and wife, old and young, teacher and relationship between them is free and their conversation usually happens in a daily are few researches of the conversational implicature in plex situations such as political , the conversational implicature generated by violating the Cooperative Principle proves to be the basis on which the language and pragmatic strategies are built up in political political interviews, the relationship between the interviewer and the interviewee is very a result, people will incline to be more cooperative and they will try their best to observe the Cooperative Principle during the , there may also be disagreement and divergence of views between the two parties and sometimes some information is secret and cannot be revealed to the other the fact that the special context of political interviews may involve the diplomatic relation between different countries or will influence the success of the economic cooperation, the two parts tend to be more sometimes the speaker will flout the maxims in order not to threaten the listener39。s speaker39。s flouting of a maxim bined with the listener39。s assumption that the speaker has not really abandoned the Cooperative Principle leads to an the above, one can see that the research of conversational implicatures has great significance inpolitical American linguistic philosopher Grice proposed the significant and farreaching “Conversational Implicature Theory” in the lecture at Harvard University in believes that the real Conversational Implicature is the theory that studies about the real implication of munications and explains the implicature of is not simply to study the meaning of language expressing itself from the language internal system(phonetics, grammar, semantics, etc.)but through the context and the relevance of context and the two parties in munication show their certain willingness of cooperation and try to make them work, Grice calls it cooperative believes that people could not talk randomly in the dialogue and assemble the unrelated words together。on the contrary, they tend to show a certain degree of cooperation desire and make efforts to put it into practice “make a due contribution according to the need”.Therefore, all the parties in the conversation need to abide by a kind of cognitive behavior principle and Grice takes the corresponding similarity with this principle according to the four major categories of philosophers39。 cognition about the world, which is called the Cooperative Principle:(each maxim contains several submaxims)Cooperative Principle can be concretely manifested for four maxims while each maxim still has several maxim:Make your contribution as informative as is required(for the current purpases of the exchange).Do not make your contribution more informative than is maxim Try to make your contribution one that is 、Do not say what you believe to be 、Do not say that for which you lack adequate maxim Be maxim Be perspicuousAvoid obscurity of 、Avoid 、Be brief(avoid prolixity)Be orderly.(Linguistics:A Course Book Fourth Edition by Hu Zhuanglin)These maxims show how the participants cooperate with each other: the speaker tries to tell the reality。has content and contacts。to be clear and avoid being ambiguous。to be concise and organized。also the hearer needs to use the same standard to understand the key to production of Conversational Implicature lays on the attitude that both parties hold in the immediate it is in pliance with each criterion for the maxim or to defy each one, people can also obtain the inference and judgment beyond semantic content of the of the above four maxims has its different importance: the first three related to the content of the conversation and the last one to the conversational people abide by all the maxims above, people can municate efficiently and cooperatively, people try to build up their interlocutor39。s positive faces39。, while trying to avoid posing threats to their `negative faces39。.Brown and Levison put forward The Face Theory in 1978.“As a technical term, face means the public selfimage of a refers to that emotional and social sense of self that everyone has and expects everyone else to , in an interaction, can then be defined as the means employed to show awareness of another person39。s face”(Yule, 2000:60).A person39。s negative face is the need to be independent, to have freedom of action and not to be imposed on by person39。s positive face is the need to be accepted, even liked, by others, to be treated as a member of the same group, and to know that his or her wants are shared by a speaker says something selfimage, that represents a threat to another individual39。s expectations it is described as a face threatening , given the regarding possibility that some action might be interpreted as a threat to another39。s face, the speaker can say something to lessen the possible is called a face saving act.(Yule, 2000: 6162)The speaker sometimes has to flout the maxim of Cooperative Principle to save the other part39。s put forward another pragmatic principle: Politeness are six maxims of Politeness maxim has two maxim benefit to self benefit to other maxim cost to other cost to self maxim a Minimise dispraise of other b Maximise praise of other maxim praise of self dispraise of self maxim disagreement between self and other agreement between self and other maxim antipathy between self and other sympathy between self and other(An Introduction To Linguistics by Chen Linhua)Leech39。s Politeness Principle is supposed to collaborate with, and even rescue the Cooperative Principle and its associated maxims because Grice39。s Cooperative Principle only explains the relationship between the literal meaning and the practical meaning of the Cooperative Prin