電大本科幼兒游戲與玩具期末復(fù)習(xí)資料考試小抄(編輯修改稿)
2025-07-09 13:34 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 案例：大班游戲： “飛機(jī)場(chǎng) ” 地面監(jiān)控臺(tái)的 “播音員 ”開(kāi)始播音 :“MF8417 飛往海南的航班準(zhǔn)備好了嗎 ?”播音過(guò)程伴隨著笑聲，又由于孩子本身發(fā)音較為含糊，再加上 麥克風(fēng)的擴(kuò)音效果，整個(gè)游戲區(qū)顯得異常嘈雜。緊接著又開(kāi)始播 :“MF0188 飛往北京的航班準(zhǔn)備好了嗎 ?”由于兩個(gè)航班擺放在同一個(gè)區(qū)域，加上整個(gè)游戲區(qū)原先就較為嘈雜，對(duì)于 “播音員 ”口齒不清的通知確實(shí)是聽(tīng)不清楚。 十五分鐘過(guò)去了，前往海南的候機(jī) “乘客 ”還沒(méi)有等到登機(jī)的通知，孩子們開(kāi)始顯得不耐煩了。這時(shí)候教師以乘客的身份介入了，教師手拿著機(jī)票很不耐煩地說(shuō)道 :“你們這航空公司也太不準(zhǔn)時(shí)了，怎么到現(xiàn)在還不起飛，我可是要去談生意的，遲到了你們要負(fù)責(zé)的。 ”監(jiān)控臺(tái)幼兒連忙通知道 :“飛往海南的航班準(zhǔn)備起飛。 ”老師又問(wèn)道 :“什么時(shí)候可以登機(jī)？ ”這時(shí) “播音員 ”又開(kāi)始通知 :“飛機(jī)馬上就要起飛，請(qǐng)乘客們?cè)?2 號(hào)登機(jī)口登機(jī)。 ”下面的乘客立刻為 “播音員 ”糾正過(guò)來(lái) :“不是2 號(hào)登機(jī)口，是 1 號(hào)登機(jī)口。 ”“播音員 ”連忙改正過(guò)來(lái)。 “乘客們 ”開(kāi)始伴隨著音樂(lè)陸陸續(xù)續(xù)登機(jī)了。這時(shí)，教師就離開(kāi)了。 過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，孩子們登上了飛機(jī)，但飛機(jī)仍然不起飛，教師就來(lái)到孩子旁邊一字一句地教孩子通知飛機(jī)該起飛了，但由于孩子的聲音很模糊， “機(jī)長(zhǎng) ”也是在教師眼神的暗示下起飛了。飛機(jī)隨著音樂(lè)的聲音在慢慢地飛行著，這時(shí) “機(jī)長(zhǎng) ”突然朝著 “空姐 ”大喊 :“趕快把東西收起來(lái)，飛機(jī)要 沖下去了。 ”“空姐 ”連忙把東西收起來(lái)，這時(shí)又聽(tīng)到 “機(jī)長(zhǎng) ”喊道 :“飛機(jī)就要爆炸了，請(qǐng)大家準(zhǔn)備跳機(jī)。 ”地面監(jiān)控臺(tái)的孩子聽(tīng)到后，就拿起麥克風(fēng)問(wèn)到 :“MF8417 的航班出了什么問(wèn)題，機(jī)長(zhǎng)請(qǐng)回答，請(qǐng)回答。 ”“機(jī)長(zhǎng) ”回答道 :“起落架出問(wèn)題。 ”監(jiān)控臺(tái)發(fā)出指示 :“緊急迫降。 ” 緊急迫降成功。 “乘客 ”安全降落。剩下飛往北京的 “乘客們 ”開(kāi)始向老師抱怨道 :“老師，我們都等好久好久了，飛機(jī)怎么還不起飛呢 ?”老師一手拿過(guò)麥克風(fēng)自己充當(dāng)起了地面監(jiān)控員，飛機(jī)很順利地起飛了，也很順利地降落了。 答：老師適時(shí)地干預(yù)了孩子的自主游戲，糾正 了被冷落的那組孩 4 子的混亂游戲，使得這組孩子也對(duì)游戲感到滿意。達(dá)到了游戲的效果。建議老師在游戲開(kāi)始前先給予“機(jī)長(zhǎng)”和“地面監(jiān)控員”更細(xì)致的指導(dǎo)，避免游戲出現(xiàn)卡殼。 5 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。。?2021 年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過(guò)小抄Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminals) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. It is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanism. The enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). Acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. When a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine vesicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the ‘effector’ cell which the nerve activates. This may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. Thus electrical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or between nerve cells and nonnerve cells. This process is termed ‘chemical neurotransmission’ and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the German pharmacologist Loewi in 1921. Chemical transmission involving acetylcholine is known as ‘cholinergic’. Acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. At this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the socalled motor end plate. On release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. This is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a mand is required. The action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds。 an enzyme (cholinesterase) breaks the transmitter down into choline and an acetate ion. The choline is then available for reuptake into the nerve terminal. These same principles apply to cholinergic transmission at sites other than neuromuscular junctions, although the
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