【正文】 nowledging your sources” (2) cont. ? 6069% (Good) iv Shows evidence of having read some of the relevant literature and is able to use this in the answer. References cited. ? 5059% (Satisfactory) iv May show evidence of having read some relevant literature but generally fails to demonstrate understanding of it or to use it correctly in the answer. 36 Key terms ? In “attributing and acknowledging your sources” (2) there are several key terms ? Referencing ? The whole process of embedding sources effectively ? Intext citation ? The point in your text where you draw from your sources + say what they are ? Reference list ? A plete list of references that gives full details for all your sources。 use these processes ? Failure to do so can result in plagiarism! 37 Plagiarism ? “ Plagiarism is defined as the act of reproducing the ideas, discoveries and written work of others and passing them off as one?s own” (1,3,4) ? Plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty, therefore ? Plagiarism can involve significant amounts of material: ? Whole passages from other writing that are ?passed off? as your own ? Tables/charts/diagrams/figures that appear to be your own work ? Unattributed results from other research 38 Plagiarism ? It can involve relatively small amounts of material: ? . mosaic plagiarism ? The amount of material is not in itself significant ? Both largescale and minor plagiarism are ?academic offences?, and will be punished! ? The disciplinary process is – rightly! – severe ? Zero coursework mark ? Meeting with HoD ? Problems with personal references/career progression (1,3,4) 39 Academic dishonesty and science ? There is a particular need to observe academic integrity and avoid plagiarism in science ? “Honesty in reporting data and ideas is an essential te of the scientific world” (1) ? Where malpractice occurs: ? Unfair career advantage may be gained ? Funds for research may be misappropriated ? Where malpractice is revealed: ? Further research based on the promised material will be damaged ? Reputations are tarnished ? Careers are damaged ? Funds for . medical advances may be removed 40 Academic dishonesty and science ? Note that malpractice includes using fraudulent data, as well as stealing others? work ? Fraudulent data = ? Data wholly or partially made up (fabricated) ? Data ?tweaked? to support a result or hypothesis ? Inconvenient/contradictory data that is removed to support a result or hypothesis 41 Academic dishonesty and science ? Example fabrication ? Involves , Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo ? A paper in The Lancet on nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cancer has been retracted ? Research carried out by Subdo appears to have been fabricated ? The author?s career has been severely damaged (5) 42 Plagiarism ? Plagiarism can be intentional ? . collusion。 understanding [1]) 47 Plagiarism ? Collusion ? Never take another student?s work and present it as your own ? Where you are required to work with others to produce a shared document (collaboration), each person?s contribution must be identified ? If there are elements of your final year project that do involve others, the distinctive contributions must be shown 48 Plagiarism ? Duplication ? If you have written on/produced research on a topic before, you must never represent it without acknowledgement ? Note that you can plagiarise yourself! ? But not if you have the agreement of your module convenor to use earlier work。 cited 2022 January] Available from html 3. Department of Biosciences (2022) Biomedical Sciences Stage2/3 Handbook. Faculty of Science, Technology and Medical Studies: The University of Kent 56 Reference list 4. Department of Biosciences (2022) Biochemistry/Biology/Forensic Biology Stage2/3 Handbook. Faculty of Science, Technology and Medical Studies: The University of Kent 5. Pincock,S (2022) Lancet Study Faked Investigation to probe all research conducted by scientist accused of fabricating results from 900 research participants [published 16th January 2022。 cited 2022 January] Available from