【正文】 t enzyme catalyzing the next step in a sequential coupling:（化學(xué)滲透偶聯(lián)）Coupling of ATP synthesis to electron transfer via an electrochemical H+ gradient across a （向化性）: A cell39。also called a carbonium reactions:（碳同化反應(yīng)）Reaction sequences in which atmospheric CO2 is converted into organic reaction:（固碳反應(yīng)）The reaction catalyzed by rubisco during photosynthesis, or by other carboxylases, in which atmospheric CO2 is initially incorporated into an organic residue:（羧基末端殘基）The only amino acid residue in a polypeptide chain with a free acarboxyl group。an enzymatic cofactor involved in carboxylation energy:（鍵能）The energy required to break a migration:（分支遷移）Movement of the branch point in branched DNA formed from two DNA molecules with identical also Holliday :（緩沖液）A system capable of resisting changes in pH, consisting of a conjugate acidbase pair in which the ratio of proton acceptor to proton donor is near Calorie:（卡）The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of g of water from to 176。for example, A with T or U, and G with conformation:（β構(gòu)象）、An extended, zigzag arrangement of a polypeptide chain。s number: The number of molecules in a gram molecular weight(a mole)of any pound( 1023).B Backmutation:（回復(fù)突變）A mutation that causes a mutant gene to regain its wildtype base (phage):（噬菌體）A virus capable of replicating in a bacterial metabolic rate:（基礎(chǔ)代謝率）The rate of oxygen consumption by an animal39。functions as a transcription :（自養(yǎng)生物）An organism that can synthesize its own plex molecules from very simple carbon and nitrogen sources, such as carbon dioxide and :（植物生長素）A plant growth mutant(auxotroph):（營養(yǎng)缺陷突變體）A mutant organism defective in the synthesis of a given biomolecule, which must therefore be supplied for the organism39。carries chemical energy between metabolic pathways by serving as a shared intermediate coupling endergonic and exergonic synthase:（ATP合酶）An enzyme plex that forms ATP from ADP and phosphate during oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondrial membrane or the bacterial plasma membrane, and during photophosphorylation in :（ATP酶）An enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP to yield ADP and phosphate。sis)Programmed cell death, in which a cell brings about its own death and lysis, signaled from outside or programmed in its genes, by systematically degrading its own :（抑制蛋白）A family of proteins that bind to the phosphorylated carboxylterminal region of serpentine receptors, preventing their interactions with G proteins and thereby terminating the signal through those carbon atom:（不對稱碳原子）A carbon atom that is covalently bonded to four different groups and thus may exist in two different tetrahedral (adenosine triphosphate): A ribonucleoside 539。used in the chromatographic separation of :（異頭物、端基異構(gòu)體）Two stereoisomers of a given sugar that differ only in the configuration about the carbonyl(anomeric)carbon :（抗生素）One of many different organic pounds that are formed and secreted by various species of microorganisms and plants, are toxic to other species, and presumably have a defensive :（抗體）A defense protein synthesized by the immune system of also :（反密碼子）A specific sequence of three nucleotides in a tRNA, plementary to a codon for an amino acid in an :（抗原）A molecule capable of eliciting the synthesis of a specific antibody in :（反平行）Describing two linear polymers that are opposite in polarity or :（反向轉(zhuǎn)運）Cotransport of two solutes across a membrane in opposite :（酶蛋白）The protein portion of an enzyme, exclusive of any organic or inorganic cofactors or prosthetic groups that might be required for catalytic :（脫輔基脂蛋白）The protein ponent of a :（脫輔基蛋白）The protein portion of a protein, exclusive of any organic or inorganic cofactors or prosthetic groups that might be required for :（細(xì)胞凋亡）(app39。defines the amino terminus of the :（氨酰tRNA）An aminoacyl ester of a synthetases:（氨酰tRNA合成酶）Enzymes that catalyze synthesis of an aminoacyltRNA at the expense of ATP :（氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶）Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of amino groups fromαamino to αketo acids。one of the most mon secondary structures in test: A simple bacterial test for carcinogens, based on the assumption that carcinogens are acid activation:（氨基酸活化）ATPdependent enzymatic esterification of the carboxyl group of an amino acid to the 339。that is, the carbonyl carbon is at one end of the carbon :（堿中毒）A metabolic condition in which the capacity of the body to buffer is diminished。,539。that is, transcription rates increase when an activator is bound to the DNA.(2)A positive modulator of an allosteric site:（活性部位）The region of an enzyme surface that binds the substrate molecule and catalytically transforms it。usually acpanied by decreased blood （肌動蛋白）: A protein making up the thin filaments（細(xì)絲）of muscle。此外，還可配上適量圖片或小段英文視頻、錄像、實物演示等，力爭使課堂氣氛活躍，增強學(xué)生的積極性和參與性，從而達(dá)到預(yù)期的教學(xué)目的。3．教學(xué)方法傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)中常用的講授法、演示法、啟發(fā)式等不能適應(yīng)雙語教學(xué)課堂。生物化學(xué)專業(yè)知識本來就晦澀難懂，若要求學(xué)生用英語思維，并在短暫的課堂時間內(nèi)完全理解老師用英語傳授的專業(yè)知識，難度可想而知。因此，學(xué)生的接受能力和教師的授課能力同等重要，只有老師和學(xué)生都具有一定的英語能力，雙語教學(xué)才能做得更好。生物化學(xué)雙語教學(xué)不僅要求教師有良好的英語能力，也要求學(xué)生有一定的英語基礎(chǔ)，除了公共英語要達(dá)到CET4以上水平外，還應(yīng)掌握一定量的專業(yè)英語詞匯。為了解決這一問題，學(xué)校一方面利用現(xiàn)有師資中聽、說、讀、寫能力較好的教師定期進(jìn)行英語培訓(xùn)，提高英語水平；另一方面充分利用留學(xué)者及國外來訪者，多與他們進(jìn)行交流，了解國際醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域一些最新的知識和技術(shù)，為進(jìn)行雙語教學(xué)方面做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。聘請外教，也必須要求懂得漢語，這樣才有利于理解學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中可能出現(xiàn)的困難，并及時解決。雙語教學(xué)對教師的要求非常之高，不僅專業(yè)知識要精深，還必須能用熟練、準(zhǔn)確的英語來表達(dá)專業(yè)知識以及分析專業(yè)術(shù)語和詞匯。三 雙語教學(xué)過程中存在的問題及解決方法1．教師方面雙語教學(xué)是提高教學(xué)效果、培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)人才的有效途徑，而保證這一目標(biāo)實現(xiàn)的基本條件是承擔(dān)雙語教學(xué)教師的能力。原版教材的引入也可節(jié)省翻譯所消耗的時間及減少內(nèi)容方面的損失，使學(xué)生及時地了解到最新的研究進(jìn)展，跟上時代發(fā)展的腳步。醫(yī)學(xué)作為專業(yè)性極強的學(xué)科，其相關(guān)工作是一般外語人才無法替代的，因此，社會迫切需要醫(yī)學(xué)院校培養(yǎng)一大批既懂得專業(yè)知識又具有相當(dāng)外語水平的復(fù)合型醫(yī)學(xué)人才。二 我院生物化學(xué)教學(xué)推行雙語教學(xué)的必要性1．醫(yī)學(xué)事業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展迫切需要雙語復(fù)合型人才高等醫(yī)學(xué)教育是國際公認(rèn)的通用性、可比性較強的專業(yè)教育領(lǐng)域，對醫(yī)學(xué)工作者的素質(zhì)和能力的要求基本一致，因而高等醫(yī)學(xué)教育也存在很多共通之處。這種類型要求在學(xué)生剛進(jìn)入學(xué)校時使用母語教學(xué)，以后逐步部分科目使用外語教學(xué)，部分科目仍用母語教學(xué)。其最終目的仍然是向沉浸式的教學(xué)模式過渡。（2）過渡式雙語教學(xué)。目前，雙語教學(xué)的模式主要有以下三種類型：（1）沉浸式雙語教學(xué)。各國各地區(qū)因母語不同而有所區(qū)別，我國雙語教學(xué)的具體定位是漢語和英語，并在此基礎(chǔ)上兼顧其他語種。下面就已開設(shè)的生物化學(xué)雙語教學(xué)中出現(xiàn)的問題及解決方法進(jìn)行探討?；谶@些問題的存在，實施雙語教學(xué)可作為解決此矛盾的一條重要途徑。【關(guān)鍵詞】雙語教學(xué) 醫(yī)學(xué)院校 生物化學(xué)【中圖分類號】 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼】A 【文章編號】1674－4810（2011）24－0013－02“雙語教學(xué)”是21世紀(jì)全球教育改革的重要內(nèi)容之一。第一篇：生物化學(xué)雙語教學(xué)單詞H1：genetic code遺傳密碼triplet code三聯(lián)體密碼termination codons / stop codons 終止密碼子 initiation codo