【正文】 ple of molecular biology: genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to :（著絲粒）A specialized site within a chromosome, serving as the attachment point for the mitotic or meiotic (腦苷酯)Sphingolipid containing one sugar residue as a head :（生物合成途徑限制作用)The direct transfer of a reaction product(mon intermediate)from the active site of one enzyme to the active site of a different enzyme catalyzing the next step in a sequential coupling:（化學滲透偶聯(lián)）Coupling of ATP synthesis to electron transfer via an electrochemical H+ gradient across a （向化性）: A cell39。s sensing of and movement toward, or away from, a specific chemical :（化能生物）An organism that obtains energy by metabolizing organic pounds derived from other center:（手性中心）An atom with substituents arranged so that the molecule is not superimposable on its mirror pound:（手性化合物）A pound that contains an asymmetric center(chiral atom or chiral center)and thus can occur in two nonsuperimposable mirrorimage forms(enantiomers).Chlorophylls:（葉綠素）A family of green pigments functioning as receptors of light energy in photosynthesis。magnesiumporphyrin :（葉綠體）Chlorophyllcontaining photosynthetic organelles in some eukaryotic :（染色質）A filamentous plex of DNA, histones, and other proteins, constituting the eukaryotic :（層析）A process in which plex mixtures of molecules are separated by many repeated partitionings between a flowing(mobile)phase and a stationary :（染色體）A single large DNA molecule and its associated proteins, containing many genes。stores and transmits genetic :（乳糜微粒）A plasma lipoprotein consisting of a large droplet of triacylglycerols stabilized by a coat of protein and phospholipid。carries lipids from the intestine to the and trans isomers:（順反異構體）See geometric :（順反子）A unit of DNA or RNA corresponding to one acid cycle:（檸檬酸循環(huán)）A cyclic system of for the oxidation of acetyl residues to carbon dioxide, in which formation of citrate is the first step。also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid :（克?。㏕he descendants of a single : The production of large numbers of identical DNA molecules, cells, or organisms, from a single ancestral DNA molecule, cell, or system:（封閉系統(tǒng)）A system that exchanges neither matter nor energy with the also :（鈷胺素）See cozyme :（密碼子）A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in a nucleic acid that codes for a specific amino :（輔酶）An organic cofactor required for the action of certain enzymes。often contains a vitamin as a A:（輔酶A）A pantothenic acidcontaining coenzyme serving as an acyl group carrier in certain enzymatic B12: An enzymatic cofactor derived from the vitamin cobalamin, involved in certain types of carbon skeletal (輔助因子)An inorganic ion or a coenzyme required for enzyme :（相關的）Describing two biomolecules that normally interact。for example, an enzyme and its normal substrate, or a receptor and its normal ends:（粘性末端）See sticky :（共整合）An intermediate in the migration of certain DNA transposons in which the donor DNA and target DNA are covalently properties:（依數(shù)性）Properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles per unit volume。for example, freezingpoint intermediate:（共同中間產物）A chemical pound mon to two chemical reactions, as a product of one and a reactant in the inhibition:（競爭性抑制作用）A type of enzyme inhibition reversed by increasing the substrate concentration。a petitive inhibitor generally petes with the normal substrate or ligand for a protein39。s binding :（互補）Having a molecular surface with chemical groups arranged to interact specifically with chemical groups on another DNA(cDNA): A DNA used in DNA cloning, usually made by reverse transcriptase。plementary to a given :（構型）The spatial arrangement of an organic molecule that is conferred by the presence of either(1)double bonds, about which there is no freedom of rotation, or(2)chiral centers, around which substituent groups are arranged in a specific isomers cannot be interconverted without breaking one or more covalent :（構象）The spatial arrangement, of substituent groups that are free to assume different positions in space, without breaking any bonds, because of the freedom of bond acidbase pair:（共扼酸堿對）A proton donor and its corresponding deprotonated species。for example, acetic acid(donor)and acetate(acceptor).Conjugate redox pair:（共扼氧還對）An electron donor and its corresponding electron acceptor form。for example, Cu+(donor)and Cu2+(acceptor), or NADH(donor)and NAD+(acceptor).Conjugated protein:（結合蛋白質）A protein containing one or more prosthetic sequence:（一致序列）A DNA or amino acid sequence consisting of the residues that occur most monly at each position within a set of similar substitution:（保守性置換）Replacement of an amino acid residue in a polypeptide by another residue with similar properties。for example, substitution of Glu by enzymes:（組成酶）Enzymes required at all times by a cell and present at some constant level。for example, many enzymes of the central metabolic called housekeeping length(外形長度): The length of a helical polymeric molecule as measured along the molecule39。s helical （皮質類固醇激素）Steroid hormones formed by the adrenal :（共轉運）The simultaneous transport, by a single transporter, of two solutes across a antiport, reactions:（偶聯(lián)反應）Two chemical reactions that have a mon intermediate and thus a means of energy transfer from one to the bond:（共價鍵）A chemical bond that involves sharing of electron :（嵴）Infoldings of the inner mitochondrial （cAMP受體蛋白）See cAMP receptor AMP(cAMP): A second messenger within cells。its formation by adenylyl cyclase is stimulated by certain hormones or other molecular electron flow:（循環(huán)電子流）In chloroplasts, the lightinduced flow of electrons originating from and returning to photosystem photophosphorylation:（循環(huán)光合磷酸化）ATP synthesis driven by cyclic electron flow through photosystem :（細胞周期蛋白）One of a family of proteins that activate cyclindependent protein kinases and thereby regulate the cell :（細胞色素）Heme proteins serving as electron carriers in respiration, photosynthesis, and other oxidationreduction :（細胞因子）One of a