【正文】 nce, particularly those aspects of science that have direct application to shipsmathematics, physics, mechanics, fluid mechanics, materials, structural strength, stability, resistance, and second is a detailed knowledge of past and present practice in third is personal experience of accepted methods in the design, construction, and operation of ships。and the fourth, and perhaps most important, is an aptitude for tackling new technical problems and of devising practical professional training of naval architects differs widely in the various maritime universities and polytechnic schools。such academic training must be supplemented by practical experience in a in design The introduction of calculating machines and puters has facilitated the plex calculations required in naval architecture and has also introduced new concepts in are many binations of length, breadth, and draft that will give a required puters make it possible to prepare series of designs for a vessel to operate in a particular service and to assess the economic returns to the shipowner for each separate a procedure is best carried out as a joint exercise by owner and ships increase in size and cost, such bined technical and economic studies can be expected to bee more mon.(From ―Encyclopedia Britannica‖, , 1980)Technical terms architect 造船工程（設計）師 結構（件）尺寸naval architecture造船（工程）學 肋骨 任務書、指導書 society 船級社 tanker 油輪 操舵、駕駛 載重量 振動 節(jié) register tonnage 凈登記噸位 規(guī)格書，設計任務書 港口 船舶 稅收 貨物 tonnage 總噸位 旅客 space 扣除空間 貿易 收入 機械、機器 進塢 capacity 艙容 費用、電荷 store 消耗物品 艙壁 weight 輕載重量、空船重量 （隔）、細分 船體 碰撞 尺度、量綱、維（數(shù)） 折衷、調和 排水量、位移、置換 系數(shù) 噸位 培訓 纖瘦度 mechanics 流體力學 吃水 strength 結構強度 船寬 阻力 干舷 推進 規(guī)范 造船 試用（暫行）的 （特殊）才能，適應性 direction 縱向 航運，海運 direction 垂向 school 工藝（科技）學校 縱傾 學術的 穩(wěn)性 造船廠 horse power 軸馬力 puter 電子計算機 強度 船主，物主 航區(qū)、服務 (a)edia 百科全書Additional Terms and Expressions Chinese Society of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering(CSNAME)中國造船工程學會the Chinese Society of Navigation中國航海學會“Shipbuilding of China‖ 中國造船 Ship Engineering 船舶工程“Naval 安定Merchant Ships” 艦船知識China State Shipbuilding Corporation(CSSC)中國船舶工業(yè)總公司China offshore Platform Engineering Corporation(COPECO)中國海洋石油平臺工程公司Royal Institution of Naval Architects(RINA)英國皇家造船工程師學會Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers(SNAME)美國造船師與輪機工程師協(xié)會 of naval architecture 造船原理 statics(or statics of navalarchitecture)造船靜力學 dynamics 船舶動力學 resistance and propulsion 船舶阻力和推進 rolling and pitching 船舶搖擺 manoeuvrability 船舶操縱性 construction 船舶結構 structural mechanics 船舶結構力學 strength and structural design 船舶強度和結構設計 design 船舶設計 technology 造船工藝(or ocean)engineering 海洋工程 to the Text from A to B 的意思為“從A到B的范圍內”，翻譯時，根據這個基本意思可以按漢語習慣譯成中文。例：Lathe sizes range from very little lathes with the length of the bed in several inches to very large ones turning a work many feet in ，小的車床其車身只有幾英寸，大的車床能車削數(shù)英尺長的工件。 that 可以認為是such a kind/value 等的縮寫，意思為“這樣的類別/值等……以至于……”。譯成中文是，可根據具體情況加以意譯。例：The depth of the chain locker is such that the cable is easily 。Possessing an attractive appearance, the ship should have the minimum net register tonnage,the factor on which harbour and oyher dues are an attractive appearance現(xiàn)在分詞短語，用作表示條件的狀語，意譯成“船舶除有一個漂亮的外形……”。一般說，如分詞短語謂語句首，通常表示時間、條件、原因等。The factor on which…are based中的the factor是前面the minimum net register tonnage的銅謂語，而on which…are based是定語從句，修飾the factor。 puters make it possible to prepare series id designs for a vessel to operate in a particular service and to assess the economic returns to the shipowner for each separate ，實際賓語為不定式短語 to prepare series of designs …和to assess the economic returns …Lesson TwoDefinitions, Principal Dimensions Before studying in detail the various technical branches of naval architecture it is important to define purpose of this chapter is to explain these terms and to familiarise the reader with the first place the dimensions by which the size of a ship is measured will be considered。they are referred to as ?principal dimensions‘.The ship, like any solid body, requires three dimensions to define its size, and these are a length, a breadth and a of these will be considered in dimensions Length There are various ways of defining the length of a ship, but first the length between perpendiculars will be length between perpendiculars is the distance measured parallel to the base at the level of the summer load waterline from the after perpendicular to the forward after perpendicular is taken as the after side of the rudder post where there is such a post, and the forward perpendicular is the vertical line drawn through the intersection of the stem with summer load ships where there is no rudder post the after perpendicular is taken as the line passing through the centre line of the rudder perpendiculars and the length between perpendiculars are shown in Figure length between perpendiculars(LBP)is used for calculation purposes as will be seen later, but it will be obvious from Figure 1 that this does not represent the greatest length of the many purposes, such as the docking of a ship, it is necessary to know what the greatest length of the ship length is known as the length of the extreme point at the after end to a similar point at the forward can be clearly seen by referring again to Figure most ships the length overall will exceed by a considerable amount the length between excess will include the overhang of the stern and also that of the stem where the stem is raked modern ships having large bulbous bows the length overall LOA may have to be measured to the extreme point of the third length which is often used, particularly when dealing with ship resistance, is the length on the waterline is the distance measured on the waterline at which the ship is floating from the intersection of the stern with the waterline to the length is not a fixed quantity for a particular ship, as it will depend upon the waterline at which the ship is floating a