【正文】 ，許多法學(xué)院和醫(yī)學(xué)院卻指出，如此專門化的準(zhǔn)備不但沒(méi)有必要，而且并不可取。沒(méi)有什么法律預(yù)科”課程：上法學(xué)院和從事法律行業(yè)的最好的準(zhǔn)備是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生能夠進(jìn)行批判性的思考；能夠進(jìn)行清晰的合乎邏輯的自我表述；能夠?qū)λ说膭?dòng)機(jī)、行動(dòng)和想法進(jìn)行敏銳的分析。這些技能也正是英語(yǔ)專業(yè)要教給學(xué)生掌握的技能。 　 Entrance into law school, moreover, generally requires a bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution, a minimum grade point average, and an acceptable score on The Law School Admission Test (LSAT). This test has three parts. The first evaluates skills in reading prehension, in figure classification, and in the evaluation of written material. The second part of the test evaluates control of English grammar and usage, ability to organize written materials, and petence to edit. The third part evaluates the student’s general knowledge of literature, art, music, and the natural and social sciences. Clearly an undergraduate major in English is strong preparation for the . 此外，要進(jìn)入法學(xué)院就讀，通常需要具有合格院校頒發(fā)的學(xué)士學(xué)位，還需要拿到最低限度的各課平均積分點(diǎn)，并和在法學(xué)院錄取考試(.)中取得一個(gè)通得過(guò)的分?jǐn)?shù)。這項(xiàng)測(cè)試包括三個(gè)部份：首先是測(cè)試閱讀理解、圖型分類和書面材料評(píng)估等能力。測(cè)試的第二個(gè)部份是考核對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和詞匯用法的掌握能力，組織書面材料的能力和文字編輯的能力。第三個(gè)部份是檢測(cè)學(xué)生的文學(xué)、藝術(shù)、音樂(lè)、自然科學(xué)和社會(huì)科學(xué)的一般知識(shí)。顯而易見(jiàn)，主修英語(yǔ)的學(xué)生參加法學(xué)院錄取考試會(huì)得心應(yīng)手?！s for medical schools, the main requirement for admission is only thirtytwo hours of science courses. This requirement is certainly no impediment to a major in English. Moreover many medical schools require a minimum score on the Medical College Admission Test, another test which offers an advantage to the wellrounded liberal arts student. The . evaluates four areas of petence: skill with synonyms, s, and word association。 knowledge of basic mathematics from fractions through solid geometry。 general knowledge of literature, philosophy, psychology, music, art, and the social sciences。 and familiarity with those fundamentals of biology, chemistry, and physics taught in high school and in introductory college courses. The English major with a solid, basic grounding in science is well prepared for this test and for medical school, where his or her skills in reading, analysis, interpretation, and precise munication will equip him or her to excel. The study and practice of medicine can only benefit from the insights into human behavior provided by the study of literature. 　 至于醫(yī)學(xué)院，入學(xué)要求主要的一條只是修滿32個(gè)學(xué)時(shí)的理科課程。這一要求對(duì)主修英語(yǔ)的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)肯定不成問(wèn)題。另外，許多醫(yī)學(xué)院校要求學(xué)生必須在醫(yī)學(xué)院入學(xué)考試中取得規(guī)定的最低分，這一測(cè)試對(duì)全面發(fā)展的文科學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)又十分有利。醫(yī)學(xué)院入學(xué)考試檢測(cè)四方面的能力：同義詞、反義詞和詞語(yǔ)聯(lián)想能力；從分?jǐn)?shù)到立體幾何學(xué)的基本數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)；文學(xué)、哲學(xué)、心理學(xué)、音樂(lè)、藝術(shù)和社會(huì)科學(xué)的常識(shí)；以及熟悉中學(xué)和大學(xué)初始階段教過(guò)的生物學(xué)、化學(xué)和物理學(xué)基本原理的程度。理科基礎(chǔ)扎實(shí)的主修英語(yǔ)學(xué)生完全有能力參加這一考試和醫(yī)學(xué)院入學(xué)考試，他們的閱讀、分析、闡述和準(zhǔn)確交流的能力使他們更勝一籌。學(xué)醫(yī)和行醫(yī)只會(huì)從對(duì)人的行為的洞察中受益無(wú)窮，而這種洞察卻是文學(xué)研究才能提供的?！?Such insights are obviously also valuable to the student who plans a career in merce. Such students should consider the advantages of an English major with an emphasis in business: this program is designed to provide a liberal education, as well as to direct preparation for a business career. The need for such a program is clear: graduates with merely technical qualifications are finding jobs in business, but often failing to hold them. Both the Wall Street Journal and the Journal of College Placement have reported that increasing numbers of graduates from reputable business schools find themselves drifting from one job or firm to another, unable to hold a position for longer than twelve months. Employers plain that these apparently promising young men and women are simply not petent municators: because they are not sufficiently literate, they cannot absorb managerial training。 they cannot make effective oral presentations。 they cannot report progress or problems in their writing。 they cannot direct other workers. Skill in analysis and munication is the essence of management. 很明顯，如此的洞察力對(duì)計(jì)劃以經(jīng)商為業(yè)的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)也是很有價(jià)值的。這樣的學(xué)生應(yīng)該考慮的是，挑選主修對(duì)商科有側(cè)重的英語(yǔ)課程是有優(yōu)勢(shì)的：這種課程的目的在于在提供文科教育的同時(shí)，也為從商職業(yè)做準(zhǔn)備。對(duì)這種教育計(jì)劃的需求是顯而易見(jiàn)的：只有技術(shù)性資格的畢業(yè)生能找到從商工作，但卻經(jīng)常難以居其位?！度A爾街雜志》）和《大學(xué)生就業(yè)雜志》都有報(bào)道，說(shuō)越來(lái)越多的著名商學(xué)院的畢業(yè)生發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己經(jīng)常從一種工作或一家公司跳槽到另一個(gè)工作或另一家公司，在一個(gè)工作崗位上干不了十二個(gè)月。雇主們抱怨說(shuō)，這些表面上年輕有為的男女們根本不會(huì)有效地交流，因?yàn)樗麄兊奈淖帜芰Σ粔驈?qiáng)；他們不能夠從管理人員培訓(xùn)中學(xué)到東西；他們不能夠進(jìn)行有效的口頭表達(dá)；他們不能用書面形式報(bào)告他們的工作進(jìn)展或問(wèn)題；他們不能夠指導(dǎo)其他工作人員。然而，分析和交流的技能卻是管理的最根本的需要?！onsequently the English major with an emphasis in business is particularly well prepared for a future in business administration. Nearly four hundred panies in fields ranging from banking and insurance to munications to manufacturing were asked whether they hired college graduates with degrees in English, even when those graduates lacked special training in the industry: Eightyfive percent of the panies said that they did. College graduates with degrees in English are working successfully in marketing, in systems engineering, in personnel management, in sales, in programming, in project design, and in labor relations.　　　因此，偏重商業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理的主攻英語(yǔ)的學(xué)生為未來(lái)從事商業(yè)管理作好了充分準(zhǔn)備。對(duì)涉及從銀行、保險(xiǎn)到通信乃至制造業(yè)等眾多領(lǐng)域的將近400家公司進(jìn)行了有關(guān)調(diào)查，針對(duì)是否聘用具有英語(yǔ)學(xué)位文憑的畢業(yè)生，甚至沒(méi)有受過(guò)行業(yè)領(lǐng)域的專門培訓(xùn)的畢業(yè)生這一問(wèn)題，百分之八十五的公司說(shuō)他們聘用過(guò)。擁有英語(yǔ)學(xué)位文憑的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生在營(yíng)銷、系統(tǒng)工程、人事管理、銷售、編程、項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)和勞資關(guān)系等領(lǐng)域都工作得十分出色。 English majors are also at work in the thousand occupations provided by government at all levels. Consider, for example, the federal government — by a very wide margin, America’s biggest employer. In organizations ranging from the Marine Corps to the Bureau of Mines, from the Commerce Department to the National Park Service, the federal government employs a work force of nearly three million men and women. English majors may qualify for many of these jobs. Recently, 51 federal agencies were asked the same question: whether they hired college graduates with English degrees but without special job training, 88 percent of these federal employers said yes. The list of federal positions for which English majors may qualify ranges from Claims Examiner to Foreign Service Officer to Highway Safety Management Specialist. Again, those who seek positions of high reward and responsibility may be asked to take a test — the federal government uses the Professional and Administrative Career Examination, or ., to evaluate applicants for about 10 000 jobs each year — and again, the test focuses on language skills: prehension, analysis, interpretation, the ability to see logical relationships between ideas, and the ability to solve pro