【正文】 English majors are also at work in the thousand occupations provided by government at all levels. Consider, for example, the federal government — by a very wide margin, America’s biggest employer. In organizations ranging from the Marine Corps to the Bureau of Mines, from the Commerce Department to the National Park Service, the federal government employs a work force of nearly three million men and women. English majors may qualify for many of these jobs. Recently, 51 federal agencies were asked the same question: whether they hired college graduates with English degrees but without special job training, 88 percent of these federal employers said yes. The list of federal positions for which English majors may qualify ranges from Claims Examiner to Foreign Service Officer to Highway Safety Management Specialist. Again, those who seek positions of high reward and responsibility may be asked to take a test — the federal government uses the Professional and Administrative Career Examination, or ., to evaluate applicants for about 10 000 jobs each year — and again, the test focuses on language skills: prehension, analysis, interpretation, the ability to see logical relationships between ideas, and the ability to solve probl。對涉及從銀行、保險到通信乃至制造業(yè)等眾多領(lǐng)域的將近400家公司進行了有關(guān)調(diào)查，針對是否聘用具有英語學(xué)位文憑的畢業(yè)生，甚至沒有受過行業(yè)領(lǐng)域的專門培訓(xùn)的畢業(yè)生這一問題，百分之八十五的公司說他們聘用過。然而，分析和交流的技能卻是管理的最根本的需要?！度A爾街雜志》）和《大學(xué)生就業(yè)雜志》都有報道，說越來越多的著名商學(xué)院的畢業(yè)生發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己經(jīng)常從一種工作或一家公司跳槽到另一個工作或另一家公司，在一個工作崗位上干不了十二個月。這樣的學(xué)生應(yīng)該考慮的是，挑選主修對商科有側(cè)重的英語課程是有優(yōu)勢的：這種課程的目的在于在提供文科教育的同時，也為從商職業(yè)做準(zhǔn)備。 they cannot report progress or problems in their writing。　 Such insights are obviously also valuable to the student who plans a career in merce. Such students should consider the advantages of an English major with an emphasis in business: this program is designed to provide a liberal education, as well as to direct preparation for a business career. The need for such a program is clear: graduates with merely technical qualifications are finding jobs in business, but often failing to hold them. Both the Wall Street Journal and the Journal of College Placement have reported that increasing numbers of graduates from reputable business schools find themselves drifting from one job or firm to another, unable to hold a position for longer than twelve months. Employers plain that these apparently promising young men and women are simply not petent municators: because they are not sufficiently literate, they cannot absorb managerial training。理科基礎(chǔ)扎實的主修英語學(xué)生完全有能力參加這一考試和醫(yī)學(xué)院入學(xué)考試，他們的閱讀、分析、闡述和準(zhǔn)確交流的能力使他們更勝一籌。另外，許多醫(yī)學(xué)院校要求學(xué)生必須在醫(yī)學(xué)院入學(xué)考試中取得規(guī)定的最低分，這一測試對全面發(fā)展的文科學(xué)生來說又十分有利。 and familiarity with those fundamentals of biology, chemistry, and physics taught in high school and in introductory college courses. The English major with a solid, basic grounding in science is well prepared for this test and for medical school, where his or her skills in reading, analysis, interpretation, and precise munication will equip him or her to excel. The study and practice of medicine can only benefit from the insights into human behavior provided by the study of literature. 　 至于醫(yī)學(xué)院，入學(xué)要求主要的一條只是修滿32個學(xué)時的理科課程。 knowledge of basic mathematics from fractions through solid geometry。顯而易見，主修英語的學(xué)生參加法學(xué)院錄取考試會得心應(yīng)手。測試的第二個部份是考核對英語語法和詞匯用法的掌握能力，組織書面材料的能力和文字編輯的能力。 　 Entrance into law school, moreover, generally requires a bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution, a minimum grade point average, and an acceptable score on The Law School Admission Test (LSAT). This test has three parts. The first evaluates skills in reading prehension, in figure classification, and in the evaluation of written material. The second part of the test evaluates control of English grammar and usage, ability to organize written materials, and petence to edit. The third part evaluates the student’s general knowledge of literature, art, music, and the natural and social sciences. Clearly an undergraduate major in English is strong preparation for the . 此外，要進入法學(xué)院就讀，通常需要具有合格院校頒發(fā)的學(xué)士學(xué)位，還需要拿到最低限度的各課平均積分點，并和在法學(xué)院錄取考試(.)中取得一個通得過的分?jǐn)?shù)。沒有什么法律預(yù)科”課程：上法學(xué)院和從事法律行業(yè)的最好的準(zhǔn)備是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生能夠進行批判性的思考；能夠進行清晰的合乎邏輯的自我表述；能夠?qū)λ说膭訖C、行動和想法進行敏銳的分析。未來醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生被引導(dǎo)去學(xué)習(xí)多種理科課程，實際上，這些課程比他們考入醫(yī)學(xué)院所需要的理科課程要多得多。 of sensitive analysis of the motives, the actions, and the thoughts of other human beings. These are skills which the study of English is designed to teach. 有人時常勸告期望上法學(xué)院或醫(yī)學(xué)院的大學(xué)生要學(xué)習(xí)與他們的擇業(yè)有直接聯(lián)系的嚴(yán)格制定的課程。　Undergraduates looking forward to law school or medical school are often advised to follow a strict regimen of courses considered directly relevant to their career choices. Future lawschool students are advised to take courses in political science, history, accounting, business administration — even human anatomy, and marriage and family life. Future medical school students are steered into multiple science courses — actually far more science courses than they need for entrance into medical school. Surprisingly, many law schools — and medical schools indicate that such specialized preparation is not only unnecessary, but undesirable. There are no Prelaw” courses: the best preparation for law school — and for the practice of law — is that preparation which makes a student capable of critical thinking。讓人驚異的是，這些畢業(yè)生能勝任范圍相當(dāng)廣泛的工作。(even though)Even though you read three pages per minute, you will by no means finish the book by the end of this weekend.第4課文The study of literature is not only civilized and civilizing — enpassing, as it does, philosophy, religion, the history of events and the history of ideas — but popular and practical. Onesixth of all those who receive bachelor’s degrees from the College of Arts and Sciences are English majors. These graduates qualify for a surprising range of jobs. Their experience puts the lie to the popular superstition that English majors must choose between journalism and teaching: in fact, English majors also receive excellent preparation for future careers in law, medicine, business, and government service.　 文學(xué)的研究——包含對哲學(xué)、宗教、歷史事件的發(fā)展和觀念由來的研究，不僅是文明的,并且有教化作