【正文】 擁有英語(yǔ)學(xué)位文憑的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生在營(yíng)銷(xiāo)、系統(tǒng)工程、人事管理、銷(xiāo)售、編程、項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)和勞資關(guān)系等領(lǐng)域都工作得十分出色。雇主們抱怨說(shuō)，這些表面上年輕有為的男女們根本不會(huì)有效地交流，因?yàn)樗麄兊奈淖帜芰Σ粔驈?qiáng)；他們不能夠從管理人員培訓(xùn)中學(xué)到東西；他們不能夠進(jìn)行有效的口頭表達(dá)；他們不能用書(shū)面形式報(bào)告他們的工作進(jìn)展或問(wèn)題；他們不能夠指導(dǎo)其他工作人員。 they cannot direct other workers. Skill in analysis and munication is the essence of management. 很明顯，如此的洞察力對(duì)計(jì)劃以經(jīng)商為業(yè)的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)也是很有價(jià)值的。學(xué)醫(yī)和行醫(yī)只會(huì)從對(duì)人的行為的洞察中受益無(wú)窮，而這種洞察卻是文學(xué)研究才能提供的。這一要求對(duì)主修英語(yǔ)的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)肯定不成問(wèn)題?！s for medical schools, the main requirement for admission is only thirtytwo hours of science courses. This requirement is certainly no impediment to a major in English. Moreover many medical schools require a minimum score on the Medical College Admission Test, another test which offers an advantage to the wellrounded liberal arts student. The . evaluates four areas of petence: skill with synonyms, s, and word association。這項(xiàng)測(cè)試包括三個(gè)部份：首先是測(cè)試閱讀理解、圖型分類和書(shū)面材料評(píng)估等能力。令人驚訝的是，許多法學(xué)院和醫(yī)學(xué)院卻指出，如此專門(mén)化的準(zhǔn)備不但沒(méi)有必要，而且并不可取。 of clear, logical selfexpression。在所有從文理學(xué)院畢業(yè)并獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位的人中，有六分之一的人主修英語(yǔ)。(grant)People grant you the privilege, so you should serve the people wholeheartedly.3. 天氣預(yù)報(bào)很重要，依據(jù)它我們才能決定什么時(shí)候出航。當(dāng)然，如果有人把你發(fā)的郵件張貼出來(lái)，也不必大發(fā)雷霆。然而除非事先行約定，電子郵件不受版權(quán)保護(hù)。即使你不能想像作者或作品的所有者會(huì)受到怎樣的傷害，只要想想這個(gè)事實(shí)，就會(huì)一日了然：網(wǎng)上盜版作品無(wú)疑對(duì)每一個(gè)使用者都會(huì)造成傷害，人們使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)這種奇妙的新技術(shù)，希望能干番事業(yè)，決非僅僅為了閱讀他人在網(wǎng)上的論戰(zhàn)。是否需要免費(fèi)的廣告，這應(yīng)由所有者來(lái)決定。不過(guò)，這是一條相當(dāng)新的法規(guī)，還未在實(shí)際案例中得到應(yīng)用。版權(quán)法主要是民事法。美國(guó)的版權(quán)法十分明確地指出那些所謂派生作品”的編撰，即以另一部受版權(quán)保護(hù)的作品為素材或從中演纖出來(lái)的作品，是原著作者獨(dú)有的，即使那些新作品的編撰經(jīng)過(guò)高度創(chuàng)作加工，原著的所有權(quán)是不能改變的。而蘋(píng)果唱片則只有用于音樂(lè)時(shí)才擁有它?，F(xiàn)在，版權(quán)是一直有效的，除非它明確被出讓。這種行為不是合理使用”。合理使用”可以免除版權(quán)限制，它的設(shè)立使人們可以使用某些作品，而不必經(jīng)過(guò)作者的同意，這些作品包括解說(shuō)詞、模仿詩(shī)文、新聞報(bào)道以及那些對(duì)受版權(quán)保護(hù)的著作的研究和宣傳的作品。錯(cuò)。個(gè)人的音樂(lè)拷貝是唯一的例外，不被列入侵權(quán)行為。錯(cuò)。(open up)The girl decided to open up and tell the police what she had seen.第3課文1)If it doesn’t have a copyright notice, it’s not copyrighted.” This was true in the past, but today almost all major nations follow the Berne copyright convention. For example, in the USA, almost everything created privately and originally after April 1, 1989 is copyrighted and protected whether it has a notice or not. The default you should assume for other people’s works is that they are copyrighted and may not be copied unless you know otherwise. There are some old works that lost protection without notice, but frankly you should not risk it unless you know for sure. 　 1)如果沒(méi)有版權(quán)標(biāo)識(shí)，就不會(huì)受到版權(quán)保護(hù)。(undermine)Staying up late will undermine one39。我們不但要更慎重地斟詞酌句，我們（尤其是那些通過(guò)電子郵件而不是聊天室交流的人）還必須等待，等待他人結(jié)束后我們才能說(shuō)話或者回答?！T(6) We Learn the Power of Words and to be Better Listeners: With no facial expressions, body language, or physical appearance to distract us, members of the Digital Culture have learned the power of words ... both their own, and others’. We know very well how a simple string of words can harm, hurt and offend, or how they can offer humor, help, support and encouragement. Most experienced members of the online culture have learned to bee wordsmiths, carefully crafting the words they use to convey exactly what they mean so as not to be misunderstood. （6）我們懂得了語(yǔ)言的威力并學(xué)會(huì)了更善于傾聽(tīng)：沒(méi)有面部表情、身體語(yǔ)言或外表長(zhǎng)相的干擾，數(shù)字文化的成員已學(xué)會(huì)了詞語(yǔ)的威力…，包括他們自己的和他人的詞語(yǔ)。　(4) People open up more: Many people are opening up a whole lot more these days since they are not required to use their real name and provide their real identity in the Internet. 　 （4）人們更加坦率：　　由于在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上不必使用真名并提供真實(shí)身份，許多人近日來(lái)更加坦誠(chéng)，暢吐心曲?！hy folks have a safer” environment online than in the real world” and can learn to express themselves more freely on the Net (you’ve never seen anyone stutter on , have you?) allowing them to gain confidence and munication skills that can eventually spill over into other aspects of their lives. Helpful people in real life” are often just as willing to e to someone’s assistance online as anywhere else.　 　　害羞的人在網(wǎng)上比在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界”中會(huì)得到更為安全的”環(huán)境，并且在網(wǎng)上能學(xué)會(huì)更自由地表達(dá)自己（你從未見(jiàn)到過(guò)有人會(huì)在電子郵件上結(jié)結(jié)巴巴地說(shuō)話，對(duì)嗎），網(wǎng)絡(luò)會(huì)使他們?cè)鰪?qiáng)信心，獲得交際技能，而這些又最終會(huì)擴(kuò)大到他們生活的其它方面。孤芳自賞（一切圍繞我我我”）在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上也老遠(yuǎn)就會(huì)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)樗麄兌际切┲徽f(shuō)別人反話或壞話的人，認(rèn)為只有吹滅他人的蠟燭自己才能閃光的人。有水平的網(wǎng)迷能識(shí)別在線人行為所發(fā)出的很多危險(xiǎn)信號(hào)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)只不過(guò)為他們?cè)鎏砹艘环N實(shí)施欺騙的工具。除孩子和意志薄弱者外，它不可能造成本來(lái)就不存在的東西…　(1) Like alcohol, the Web simply magnifies what is already there: Experts are concerned that the masking that goes on online poses a danger for everyone who is a part of the Digital Culture. Before we know it, the experts tell us, we will all use fake identities, bee fragmented, and will no longer be sure of just who we are. Wrong. The only people who feel pelled to mask, and otherwise misrepresent themselves online are the same people who are mysterious and unfrank in real life”...the Net just gives them one more tool to practice their deceit.?。?）如同酒精的作用一樣，網(wǎng)絡(luò)僅僅是將已有的事物放大：　　專家們擔(dān)心，網(wǎng)上盛行的隱藏裝假對(duì)參與數(shù)字文化的人來(lái)說(shuō)是危險(xiǎn)的。其實(shí)，萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)與世界上其它任何事物一樣并非天然地有害。(as opposed to)Mary likes go to shopping in her spare time ,as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading.4. 充其量可以說(shuō)他有抱負(fù)，用最糟糕的話來(lái)說(shuō)，他是一個(gè)沒(méi)有良心(conscience)或沒(méi)有資格的權(quán)力追求者?！?Those fathers who strive to be good family men by being there every day to love and support their families — those unsung heroes — need our recognition and our thanks for all they do. Because they deserve it.那些每天都在努力去愛(ài)和支撐他們的家庭，力求做一個(gè)顧家好男人的父親，那些無(wú)名英雄，需要我們的承認(rèn)，他們所付出的一切需要我們的感謝，因?yàn)樗麄冎档梦覀兊恼J(rèn)同和感激?！s a society, we need to realize that fathers are just as important to children as mothers are — not only for financial support, but for emotional support, education and discipline as well. It is not enough for us merely to recognize that fatherlessness is a problem — to stand beside the grave and mourn the loss of the good family man and then try to find someone to replace him (ask anyone who has lost a father to death if that is possible). We must acknowledge how we have devalued fatherhood and work to show men how necessary, how important they are in their children39。很多男人相信母親呆在家里對(duì)小孩十分重要，這種信念使得他們樂(lè)意地?fù)?dān)起家里惟一掙錢(qián)人的擔(dān)子。當(dāng)他們的那份工作是家庭收入的惟一來(lái)源的時(shí)候，失業(yè)，或者甚至只不過(guò)是受到失業(yè)的威脅，對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)顯然構(gòu)成更大的困難。我們這個(gè)社會(huì)表現(xiàn)出似乎家庭職責(zé)對(duì)父親來(lái)說(shuō)并不象對(duì)母親那么重要 —— 似乎事業(yè)上的滿足就是男人生活的全部?！?The very language we use to discuss men39?？雌饋?lái)似乎父親惟一值得人們提及的時(shí)候是因?yàn)樗麄冏黾覄?wù)太少而受到指責(zé)的時(shí)候（我懷疑這一說(shuō)法的可靠性，因?yàn)榧覄?wù)”的定義中很少包括打掃屋頂?shù)挠晁疁?、給汽車(chē)換機(jī)油或其它一些典型地由男人們做的事），或者是在他們?nèi)ナ赖臅r(shí)候。 　This is only one example of the media trend toward marginalizing fathers, which mirrors enorm