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FotiaoqiangSteamed Aba’lone (鮑魚)with Shark’s Fin and Fish Maw(魚肚) in Broth肉湯 (Lured by its delicious aroma香味 even the Monks (Buddha) jumped over the wall to eat this dish.) 粽子 Zongzi (Glutinous Rice Wrapped in Bamboo Leaves) 元宵 Yuanxiao(Glutinous Rice Balls for Lantern Festival。 sweet dumplings) 六. 如果菜中配有中草藥,因?yàn)橥鈬瞬⒉惶酶鞣N草藥的實(shí)際作用,對(duì)于他們而言,中國的草藥都是具有神奇效用的,所以不妨將各種草藥一律翻譯為 Chinese Herbs 天麻燉雞: Stewed Chicken with Chinese Herbs(一)、刀工的譯法用刀的方法和技巧主要有:切、削(cutting),切片(slicing),切絲(shredding),切碎 (mincing),切丁(dicing),切柳(filleting),去骨(boning),去皮(skinning/peeling),刮鱗 (scaling),剁末(mashing),刻、雕(carving)等。經(jīng)過加工后的原料具有丁、條、絲、片、塊等幾何形狀,如肉絲(pork shreds),雞塊(chicken slices)等。其他的加工方法還有釀(stuffing),腌(pickling/salting),浸\泡(marinating),去殼 (shelling),刨絲(grating)等。(二)、烹調(diào)方法的譯法常用的11種:1. 炒(stirfrying),是指鍋內(nèi)放油、油燒熟,下生料炒熟?!叭欢吹啊挠⒄Z卻是scrambled egg,不譯fried egg。” 2. 煎(panfrying),即在鍋內(nèi)放上少量的油,待油達(dá)到一定溫度后將菜料放入鍋內(nèi)進(jìn)行短時(shí)間的烹煮,如煎雞蛋(panfried egg)。3. 爆(quickfrying),是旺火熱油,原料下鍋后快速操作。要求刀工處理粗細(xì)一致,烹前備好調(diào)味品,動(dòng)作要麻利迅速。如爆大蝦(quickfried shrimps)。4. 炸(deepfrying), 將主料掛糊或不掛糊下熱油鍋,由生炸熟的方法,外焦里嫩。如五香炸雞翅(deepfried chicken wing with spicy flavor)。如再細(xì)分,還可分為干炸(dry deepfrying),軟炸(soft deepfrying)和酥炸(crisp deepfrying)。5. 燒(braising),是先將主料用油炸過或用火焯過,再加上輔料,兌入湯汁煨至熟爛的方法?!坝冕u油來燒,叫紅燒——braising with soy sauce,”或braising in brown sauce。6. 煮(boiling),指在鍋里放入水或有調(diào)料的沸湯,將鍋放在慢火上燒,再放入菜肴,時(shí)間可長可短,由事物的品種和食者口味而定?!爸筮€可分速煮(instant boiling),北方的涮羊肉instant boiled mutton,和快煮(quick boiling)。” 7. 蒸(steaming),是將生料或半熟原料,加調(diào)料調(diào)味后上籠屜蒸熟的方法。如荷葉粉蒸肉(steamed flourcoated pork wrapped in lotus leaves)。8. 煲/燉/煨/燜/鹵(simmering/stewing),這五種烹調(diào)方法基本相同,都是將食物放在水、湯或汁之中,用文火慢慢加熱,用火時(shí)間一般較長,如燉栗子雞(stewed chicken with chestnuts),煨牛肉(simmered beef)。9. 熏(smoking),通常是將宰殺后的禽肉野味,用調(diào)料香料調(diào)制后,用特殊的樹木柴禾熏烤而熟,這種菜肴往往具有獨(dú)特風(fēng)味。如熏山雞(smoked pheasant)。10. “烘烤鐵燒:鐵燒(broiling或grilling)是將食物放在鐵板或鐵架上用明火烤。燒烤(roasting)是在火上,火前或在鐵架上燒。烘(baking)指將食物放在密閉的烘爐里或鐵板或鐵架上用明火烤,食物與火不直接接觸。要知道這些烹調(diào)方法的味道,不妨嘗一嘗奶油燒魚柳(grilled fish with butter sauce),鐵燒牛扒(grilled beefsteak),燒乳豬(roast suckling pig)?!?1. 白灼(scalding或blanching),將食物放在沸水中燙熟,然后取出再放佐料或用熱鍋炒。此法主要用于新鮮海味,如白灼海螺片(scalded sliced conch)。13