【導(dǎo)讀】故經(jīng)之以五事，校之以計(jì)，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰將，五曰法。Theseare：TheMoralLaw；Heaven；Earth；TheCommander；道者，令民于上同意，可與之死，可與之生，而不危也；天者，陰陽(yáng)、寒暑、時(shí)制也；地者，遠(yuǎn)近、險(xiǎn)易、廣狹、死生也；將者，智、信、仁、勇、嚴(yán)也；法者，曲制、官道、主用也。凡此五者，將莫不聞，知之者勝，不知之者不勝。吾以此知?jiǎng)儇?fù)矣。將聽吾計(jì)，用之必勝，留之；將不聽吾計(jì)，用之必?cái)?，去之。?jì)利以聽，乃為之勢(shì)，以佐其外。勢(shì)者，因利而制權(quán)也。故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)而示之近。Hence，whenabletoattack，wemustseemunable；whenusingourforces，wemustseeminactive；when. 利而誘之，亂而取之，實(shí)而備之，強(qiáng)而避之，怒而撓之，卑而驕之，佚而勞之，親而離之，攻其無(wú)備，出其不意。

　　

【正文】 akness es from having to prepare against possible attacks； numerical strength， from pelling our adversary to make these preparations against us. 故知戰(zhàn)之地，知戰(zhàn)之日，則可千里而會(huì)戰(zhàn)； Knowing the place and the time of the ing battle， we may concentrate from the greatest distances in order to fight. 不知戰(zhàn)之地，不知戰(zhàn)日，則左不能救右，右不能救左，前不能救后，后不能救前，而況遠(yuǎn)者數(shù)十里，近者 數(shù)里乎！ But if neither time nor place be known， then the left wing will be impotent to succor the right， the right equally impotent to succor the left， the van unable to relieve the rear， or the rear to support the van. How much more so if the furthest portions of the army are anything under a hundred LI apart， and even the nearest are separated by several LI！ 以吾度之，越人之兵雖多，亦奚益于勝哉！故曰：勝可為也。 Though according to my estimate the soldiers of Yueh exceed our own in number， that shall advantage them nothing in the matter of victory. I say then that victory can be achieved. 敵雖眾 ， 可使無(wú)斗。故策之而知得失之計(jì) ， Though the enemy be stronger in numbers， we may prevent him from fighting. Scheme so as to discover his plans and the likelihood of their success. 候之而知?jiǎng)屿o之理，形之而知死生之地， Rouse him， and learn the principle of his activity or inactivity. Force him to reveal himself， so as to find out his vulnerable spots. 角之而知有余不足之處。 Carefully pare the opposing army with your own， so that you may know where strength is superabundant and where it is deficient. 故形兵之極，至于無(wú)形。無(wú)形則深間不能窺，智者不能謀。 In making tactical dispositions， the highest pitch you can attain is to conceal them； conceal your dispositions， and you will be safe from the prying of the subtlest spies， from the machinations of the wisest brains. 因形而措 勝于眾，眾不能知。 How victory may be produced for them out of the enemy39。s own tactics——that is what the multitude cannot prehend. 人皆知我所以勝之形 ， 而莫知吾所以制勝之形。 All men can see the tactics whereby I conquer， but what none can see is the strategy out of which victory is evolved. 故其戰(zhàn)勝不復(fù)，而應(yīng)形于無(wú)窮。 Do not repeat the tactics which have gained you one victory， but let your methods be regulated by the infinite variety of circumstances. 夫兵形象水，水之行避高而趨下， Military tactics are like unto water； for water in its natural course runs away from high places and hastens downwards. 兵之形避實(shí)而擊虛 ； So in war， the way is to avoid what is strong and to strike at what is weak. 水因地而制流，兵因敵而制勝。 Water shapes its course according to the nature of the ground over which it flows； the soldier works out his victory in relation to the foe whom he is facing. 故兵無(wú)常勢(shì)，水無(wú)常形。 Therefore， just as water retains no constant shape， so in warfare there are no constant conditions. 能因敵變化而取勝者，謂之神。 He who can modify his tactics in relation to his opponent and thereby succeed in winning， may be called a heavenborn captain. 故五行無(wú)常勝，四時(shí)無(wú)常位，日有短長(zhǎng)，月有死生。 The five elements （ water， fire， wood， metal， earth） are not always equally predominant； the four seasons make way for each other in turn. There are short days and long； the moon has its periods of waning and waxing. 軍爭(zhēng)第七 VII. Maneuvering 孫子曰 ： 凡用兵之法 ， 將受命于君 ， Sun Tzu said： In war， the general receives his mands from the sovereign. 合軍聚眾 ， 交和而舍 ， Having collected an army and concentrated his forces， he must blend and harmonize the different elements thereof before pitching his camp. 莫難于軍爭(zhēng)。軍爭(zhēng)之難者，以迂為直，以患為利。 After that， es tactical maneuvering， than which there is nothing more difficult. The difficulty of tactical maneuvering consists in turning the devious into the direct， and misfortune into gain. 故迂其途，而誘之以利，后人發(fā)，先人至，此知迂直之計(jì)者也。 Thus， to take a long and circuitous route， after enticing the enemy out of the way， and though starting after him， to contrive to reach the goal before him， shows knowledge of the artifice of deviation. 軍爭(zhēng)為利 ， 軍爭(zhēng)為危。 Maneuvering with an army is advantageous； with an undisciplined multitude， most dangerous. 舉軍而爭(zhēng)利則不及，委軍而爭(zhēng)利則輜重捐。 If you set a fully equipped army in march in order to snatch an advantage， the chances are that you will be too late. On the other hand， to detach a flying column for the purpose involves the sacrifice of its baggage and stores. 是故卷甲而趨，日夜不處，倍道兼行，百里而爭(zhēng)利，則擒三將軍， Thus， if you order your men to roll up their buffcoats， and make forced marches without halting day or night， covering double the usual distance at a stretch， doing a hundred LI in order to wrest an advantage， the leaders of all your three divisions will fall into the hands of the enemy. 勁者先，疲者后，其法十一而至； The stronger men will be in front， the jaded ones will fall behind， and on this plan only onetenth of your army will reach its destination. 五十里而爭(zhēng)利，則蹶上將軍，其法半至； If you march fifty LI in order to outmaneuver the enemy， you will lose the leader of your first division， and only half your force will reach the goal. 三十里而爭(zhēng)利，則三分之二至。 If you march thirty LI with the same object， twothirds of your army will arrive. 是故軍無(wú)輜重則亡，無(wú) 糧食則亡，無(wú)委積則亡。 We may take it then that an army without its baggagetrain is lost； without provisions it is lost； without bases of supply it is lost. 故不知諸侯之謀者，不能豫交； We cannot enter into alliances until we are acquainted with the designs of our neighbors. 不知山林 、險(xiǎn)阻、沮澤之形者，不能行軍； We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country——its mountains and forests， its pitfalls and precipices， its marshes and swamps. 不用鄉(xiāng)導(dǎo)者，不能得地利。 We shall be unable to turn natural advantage to account unless we make use of local guides. 故兵以詐立 ， 以利動(dòng) ， In war， practice dissimulation， and you will succeed. 以分和為變者也。 Whether to concentrate or to divide your troops， must be decided by circumstances. 故其疾如風(fēng)，其徐如林， Let your rapidity be that of the wind， your pactness that of the forest. 侵掠如火 ， 不動(dòng)如山 ， In raiding and plundering be like fire， is immovability like a mountain. 難知如陰 ， 動(dòng)如雷震。 Let your plans be dark and imperable as night， and