【正文】 If you march thirty LI with the same object， twothirds of your army will arrive. 是故軍無輜重則亡，無 糧食則亡，無委積則亡。 Therefore， just as water retains no constant shape， so in warfare there are no constant conditions. 能因敵變化而取勝者，謂之神。 Carefully pare the opposing army with your own， so that you may know where strength is superabundant and where it is deficient. 故形兵之極，至于無形。 We can form a single united body， while the enemy must split up into fractions. Hence there will be a whole pitted against separate parts of a whole， which means that we shall be many to the enemy39。 O divine art of subtlety and secrecy！ Through you we learn to be invisible， through you inaudible； and hence we can hold the enemy39。 Therefore the clever batant imposes his will on the enemy， but does not allow the enemy39。 Hiding order beneath the cloak of disorder is simply a question of subdivision； concealing courage under a show of timidity presupposes a fund of latent energy； masking strength with weakness is to be effected by tactical dispositions. 故善動敵者，形之，敵 必從之；予之，敵必取之。死而更生，四時(shí)是也。 Measurement owes its existence to Earth； Estimation of quantity to Measurement； Calculation to Estimation of quantity； Balancing of chances to Calculation； and Victory to Balancing of chances. 故勝兵若以鎰稱銖，敗兵若以銖稱鎰。 To lift an autumn hair is no sign of great strength； to see the sun and moon is no sign of sharp sight； to hear the noise of thunder is no sign of a quick ear. 古之所謂善戰(zhàn)者，勝于易勝者也。 Sun Tzu said： The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat， and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy. 不可勝在己，可勝在敵。 Now the general is the bulwark of the State； if the bulwark is plete at all points； the State will be strong； if the bulwark is defective， the State will be weak. 故君之所以患于軍者三： There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his army： —— （ 1） 不知軍之不可以進(jìn)而謂之進(jìn)，不知軍之不可以退而謂之退，是謂縻軍； （ 1） By manding the army to advance or to retreat， being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey. This is called hobbling the army. （ 2） 不知三軍之事而同三軍之政 ， 則軍士惑矣 ； （ 2） By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom， being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier39。 The rule is， not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided. The preparation of mantlets， movable shelters， and various implements of war， will take up three whole months； and the piling up of mounds over against the walls will take three months more. 將不勝其忿而蟻附之，殺士卒三分之一，而城 不拔者，此攻之災(zāi)也。s country whole and intact； to shatter and destroy it is not so good. So， too， it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy it， to capture a regiment， a detachment or a pany entire than to destroy them. 是故百戰(zhàn)百勝， 非善之善也；不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵，善之善者也。車雜而乘之，卒善而養(yǎng)之，是謂勝敵而益強(qiáng)。 When their substance is drained away， the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions. 力屈中原、內(nèi)虛于家，百姓之費(fèi)，十去其七；公家之費(fèi)，破軍罷馬，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛櫓，丘牛大車，十去其六。s weapons will grow dull and their ardor will be damped. If you lay siege to a town， you will exhaust your strength. 久暴師則國用不足。 All warfare is based on deception. 故能而示之不能 ， 用而示之不用 ， 近而示之遠(yuǎn) ， 遠(yuǎn)而示之近。s deliberations， when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field. These are： （ 1） The Moral Law； （ 2） Heaven； （ 3） Earth； （ 4） The Commander； （ 5） Method and discipline. 道者 ， 令民于上同意 ， 可與之死 ， 可與之生 ， 而不危也 ； The Moral Law causes the people to be in plete accord with their ruler， so that they will follow him regardless of their lives， undismayed by any danger. 天者，陰陽、寒暑、時(shí)制也； Heaven signifies night and day， cold and heat， times and seasons. 地者，遠(yuǎn)近、險(xiǎn)易、廣狹、死生也； Earth prises distances， great and small； danger and security； open ground and narrow passes； the chances of life and death. 將者，智、信、仁、勇、嚴(yán)也； The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdom， sincerely， benevolence， courage and strictness. 法者 ， 曲制、官道、主用也。 By method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army in its proper subdivisions， the graduations of rank among the officers， the maintenance of roads by which supplies may reach the army， and the control of military expenditure. 凡此五者，將莫不聞，知之者勝，不知之者不勝。 Hence， when able to attack， we must seem unable； when using our forces， we must seem inactive； when we are near， we must make the enemy believe we are far away； when far away， we must make him believe we are near. 利而誘之 ， 亂而取之 ， Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feign disorder， and crush him. 實(shí)而備之 ， 強(qiáng)而避之 ， If he is secure at all points， be prepared for him. If he is in superior strength， evade him. 怒而撓之 ， 卑而驕之 ， If your opponent is of choleric temper， seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak， that he may grow arrogant. 佚而勞之 ， 親而離之 ， If he is taking his ease， give him no rest. If his forces are united， separate them. 攻其無備 ， 出其不意。 Again， if the campaign is protracted， the resources of the State will not be equal to the strain. 夫鈍兵挫銳，屈力殫貨，則諸侯乘其弊而起，雖有智者不能善其后矣。 With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength， the homes of the people will be stripped bare， and threetenths of their ine will be dissipated； while government expenses for broken chariots， wornout horses， breastplates and helmets， bows and arrows， spears and shields， protective mantles， draughtoxen and heavy wagons， will amount to fourtenths of its total revenue. 故智將務(wù)食于敵，食敵一鐘，當(dāng)吾二十鐘；□①桿一石，當(dāng)吾二十石。 Therefore in chariot fighting， when ten or more chariots have been taken， those should be rewarded who took the first. Our own flags should be substituted for those of the enemy， and the chariots mingled and used in conjunction with ours. The captured soldiers should be kindly treated and kept. This is called， using the conquered foe to augment one39。 Hence to fight and conquer in all