【正文】 her are his supplywagons loaded more than twice. 取用于國，因糧于敵，故軍食可足也。 Bring war material with you from home， but forage on the enemy. Thus the army will have food enough for its needs. 國之貧于師者遠輸，遠輸則百姓貧； Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished. 近師者貴賣，貴賣則百姓財竭， On the other hand， the proximity of an army causes prices to go up； and high prices cause the people39。s substance to be drained away. 財竭則急于 丘役。 When their substance is drained away， the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions. 力屈中原、內(nèi)虛于家，百姓之費，十去其七；公家之費，破軍罷馬，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛櫓，丘牛大車，十去其六。 With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength， the homes of the people will be stripped bare， and threetenths of their ine will be dissipated； while government expenses for broken chariots， wornout horses， breastplates and helmets， bows and arrows， spears and shields， protective mantles， draughtoxen and heavy wagons， will amount to fourtenths of its total revenue. 故智將務食于敵，食敵一鐘，當吾二十鐘；□①桿一石，當吾二十石。 Hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy. One cartload of the enemy39。s provisions is equivalent to twenty of one39。s own， and likewise a single picul of his provender is equivalent to twenty from one39。s own store. 【注：】①： “忌 ”加 “艸 ”頭。 故殺敵者，怒也；取敵之利者，貨也。 Now in order to kill the enemy， our men must be roused to anger； that there may be advantage from defeating the enemy， they must have their rewards. 車戰(zhàn)得車十乘以上，賞其先得者而更其旌旗。車雜而乘之，卒善而養(yǎng)之，是謂勝敵而益強。 Therefore in chariot fighting， when ten or more chariots have been taken， those should be rewarded who took the first. Our own flags should be substituted for those of the enemy， and the chariots mingled and used in conjunction with ours. The captured soldiers should be kindly treated and kept. This is called， using the conquered foe to augment one39。s own strength. 故兵貴勝 ， 不貴久。 In war， then， let your great object be victory， not lengthy campaigns. 故知兵之將，民之司命。國家安危之主也。 Thus it may be known that the leader of armies is the arbiter of the people39。s fate， the man on whom it depends whether the nation shall be in peace or in peril. 謀攻第三 III. Attack by Stratagem 孫子曰：夫用兵之法，全國為上，破國次之；全軍為上，破軍次之；全旅為上，破旅次之；全卒 為上，破卒次之；全伍為上，破伍次之。 Sun Tzu said： In the practical art of war， the best thing of all is to take the enemy39。s country whole and intact； to shatter and destroy it is not so good. So， too， it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy it， to capture a regiment， a detachment or a pany entire than to destroy them. 是故百戰(zhàn)百勝， 非善之善也；不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵，善之善者也。 Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence； supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy39。s resistance without fighting. 故上兵伐謀，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。 Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk the enemy39。s plans； the next best is to prevent the junction of the enemy39。s forces； the next in order is to attack the enemy39。s army in the field； and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities. 攻城之法，為不得已。修櫓 轒辒 ，具器械，三月而后成；距堙，又三月而后已。 The rule is， not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided. The preparation of mantlets， movable shelters， and various implements of war， will take up three whole months； and the piling up of mounds over against the walls will take three months more. 將不勝其忿而蟻附之，殺士卒三分之一，而城 不拔者，此攻之災也。 The general， unable to control his irritation， will launch his men to the assault like swarming ants， with the result that onethird of his men are slain， while the town still remains untaken. Such are the disastrous effects of a siege. 故善用兵者 ， 屈人 之兵而非戰(zhàn)也 ， 拔人之城而非攻也 ， 毀人之國而非久也 ， Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy39。s troops without any fighting； he captures their cities without laying siege to them； he overthrows their kingdom without lengthy operations in the field. 必以全爭于天下，故兵不頓而利可全，此謀攻之法也。 With his forces intact he will dispute the mastery of the Empire， and thus， without losing a man， his triumph will be plete. This is the method of attacking by stratagem. 故用兵之法 ， 十則圍之 ， 五則攻之 ， 倍則分之 ， It is the rule in war， if our forces are ten to the enemy39。s one， to surround him； if five to one， to attack him； if twice as numerous， to divide our army into two. 敵則能戰(zhàn)之，少則能逃之，不若則能避之。 If equally matched， we can offer battle； if slightly inferior in numbers， we can avoid the enemy； if quite unequal in every way， we can flee from him. 故小敵之堅，大敵之擒也。 Hence， though an obstinate fight may be made by a small force， in the end it must be captured by the larger force. 夫?qū)⒄?，國之輔也。輔周則國必強，輔隙則國必弱。 Now the general is the bulwark of the State； if the bulwark is plete at all points； the State will be strong； if the bulwark is defective， the State will be weak. 故君之所以患于軍者三： There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his army： —— （ 1） 不知軍之不可以進而謂之進，不知軍之不可以退而謂之退，是謂縻軍； （ 1） By manding the army to advance or to retreat， being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey. This is called hobbling the army. （ 2） 不知三軍之事而同三軍之政 ， 則軍士惑矣 ； （ 2） By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom， being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier39。s minds. （ 3） 不知三軍之權而同三軍之任 ， 則軍士疑矣。 （ 3） By employing the officers of his army without discrimination， through ignorance of the military principle of adaptation to circumstances. This shakes the confidence of the soldiers. 三軍既惑且疑 ， 則諸 侯之難至矣。是謂亂軍引勝。 But when the army is restless and distrustful， trouble is sure to e from the other feudal princes. This is simply bringing anarchy into the army， and flinging victory away. 故知勝有五：知可以戰(zhàn)與不可以戰(zhàn)者勝，識眾寡之用者勝，上下同欲者勝，以虞待不虞者勝，將能而君不御者勝。此五者 ， 知勝之道也。 Thus we ma