【正文】 ceeding in your attacks if you only attack places which are undefended. You can ensure the safety of your defense if you only hold positions that cannot be attacked. 故善攻者，敵不知其所守；善守者，敵不知其所攻。 Though according to my estimate the soldiers of Yueh exceed our own in number， that shall advantage them nothing in the matter of victory. I say then that victory can be achieved. 敵雖眾 ， 可使無斗。 Maneuvering with an army is advantageous； with an undisciplined multitude， most dangerous. 舉軍而爭(zhēng)利則不及，委軍而爭(zhēng)利則輜重捐。 The five elements （ water， fire， wood， metal， earth） are not always equally predominant； the four seasons make way for each other in turn. There are short days and long； the moon has its periods of waning and waxing. 軍爭(zhēng)第七 VII. Maneuvering 孫子曰 ： 凡用兵之法 ， 將受命于君 ， Sun Tzu said： In war， the general receives his mands from the sovereign. 合軍聚眾 ， 交和而舍 ， Having collected an army and concentrated his forces， he must blend and harmonize the different elements thereof before pitching his camp. 莫難于軍爭(zhēng)。 And if we are able thus to attack an inferior force with a superior one， our opponents will be in dire straits. 吾所與戰(zhàn)之地不可知，不 可知?jiǎng)t敵所備者多，敵所備者多，則吾所與戰(zhàn)者寡矣。 By holding out advantages to him， he can cause the enemy to approach of his own accord； or， by inflicting damage， he can make it impossible for the enemy to draw near. 故敵佚能勞之，飽能饑之，安能動(dòng)之。 In battle， there are not more than two methods of attack——the direct and the indirect； yet these two in bination give rise to an endless series of maneuvers. 奇正相生，如循環(huán)之無端，孰能窮之哉！ The direct and the indirect lead on to each other in turn. It is like moving in a circle——you never e to an end. Who can exhaust the possibilities of their bination？ 激水之疾 ， 至于漂石者 ， 勢(shì)也 ； The onset of troops is like the rush of a torrent which will even roll stones along in its course. 鷙鳥之疾，至于毀折者，節(jié)也。不忒者，其所措勝，勝已敗者也。 （ 3） By employing the officers of his army without discrimination， through ignorance of the military principle of adaptation to circumstances. This shakes the confidence of the soldiers. 三軍既惑且疑 ， 則諸 侯之難至矣。s resistance without fighting. 故上兵伐謀，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。 Hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy. One cartload of the enemy39。 Attack him where he is unprepared， appear where you are not expected. 此兵家之勝 ， 不可先傳也。 The art of war， then， is governed by five constant factors， to be taken into account in one39。 Sun Tzu said： In the operations of war， where there are in the field a thousand swift chariots， as many heavy chariots， and a hundred thousand mailclad soldiers， with provisions enough to carry them a thousand li， the expenditure at home and at the front， including entertainment of guests， small items such as glue and paint， and sums spent on chariots and armor， will reach the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day. Such is the cost of raising an army of 100， 000 men. 其用戰(zhàn)也，勝久則鈍兵挫銳，攻城則力屈， When you engage in actual fighting， if victory is long in ing， then men39。 Now in order to kill the enemy， our men must be roused to anger； that there may be advantage from defeating the enemy， they must have their rewards. 車戰(zhàn)得車十乘以上，賞其先得者而更其旌旗。修櫓 轒辒 ，具器械，三月而后成；距堙，又三月而后已。 Hence the saying： If you know the enemy and know yourself， you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy， for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself， you will succumb in every battle. 軍形第四 IV. Tactical Dispositions 孫子曰：昔之善戰(zhàn)者，先為不可勝，以待敵之可勝。 In respect of military method， we have， firstly， Measurement； secondly， Estimation of quantity； thirdly， Calculation； fourthly， Balancing of chances； fifthly， Victory. 地生度，度生量，量生數(shù)，數(shù)生稱，稱生勝。 Simulated disorder postulates perfect discipline， simulated fear postulates courage； simulated weakness postulates strength. 治亂，數(shù)也；勇怯， 勢(shì)也；強(qiáng)弱，形也。 Hence that general is skillful in attack whose opponent does not know what to defend； and he is skillful in defense whose opponent does not know what to attack. 微乎微乎，至于無形；神乎神乎，至于無聲，故能為敵之司命。故策之而知得失之計(jì) ， Though the enemy be stronger in numbers， we may prevent him from fighting. Scheme so as to discover his plans and the likelihood of their success. 候之而知?jiǎng)屿o之理，形之而知死生之地， Rouse him， and learn the principle of his activity or inactivity. Force him to reveal himself， so as to find out his vulnerable spots. 角之而知有余不足之處。 If you set a fully equipped army in march in order to snatch an advantage， the chances are that you will be too late. On the other hand， to detach a flying column for the purpose involves the sacrifice of its baggage and stores. 是故卷甲而趨，日夜不處，倍道兼行，百里而爭(zhēng)利，則擒三將軍， Thus， if you order your men to roll up their buffcoats， and make forced marches without halting day or night， covering double the usual distance at a stretch， doing a hundred LI in order to wrest an advantage， the leaders of all your three divisions will fall into the hands of the enemy. 勁者先，疲者后，其法十一而至； The stronger men will be in front， the jaded ones will fall behind， and on this plan only onetenth of your army will reach its destination. 五十里而爭(zhēng)利，則蹶上將軍，其法半至； If you march fifty LI in order to outmaneuver the enemy， you will lose the leader of your first division， and only half your force will reach the goal. 三十里而爭(zhēng)利，則三分之二至。 He who can modify his tactics in relation to his opponent and thereby succeed in winning， may be called a heavenborn captain. 故五行無常勝，四時(shí)無常位，日有短長(zhǎng)，月有死生。s few. 則我眾敵寡，能以眾擊寡者，則吾之所與戰(zhàn)者約矣。s will to be imposed on him. 能使敵人自至者，利之也；能使敵人不得至者，害之也。 Indirect tactics， efficiently applied， are inexhaustible as Heaven and Earth， unending as the flow of rivers and streams； like the sun and moon， they end but to begin anew； like the four seasons， they pass away to return once more. 聲不過五，五聲之變，不可勝聽也； There are not more than f