【正文】 Whether to concentrate or to divide your troops， must be decided by circumstances. 故其疾如風(fēng)，其徐如林， Let your rapidity be that of the wind， your pactness that of the forest. 侵掠如火 ， 不動(dòng)如山 ， In raiding and plundering be like fire， is immovability like a mountain. 難知如陰 ， 動(dòng)如雷震。 We may take it then that an army without its baggagetrain is lost； without provisions it is lost； without bases of supply it is lost. 故不知諸侯之謀者，不能豫交； We cannot enter into alliances until we are acquainted with the designs of our neighbors. 不知山林 、險(xiǎn)阻、沮澤之形者，不能行軍； We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country——its mountains and forests， its pitfalls and precipices， its marshes and swamps. 不用鄉(xiāng)導(dǎo)者，不能得地利。 If you set a fully equipped army in march in order to snatch an advantage， the chances are that you will be too late. On the other hand， to detach a flying column for the purpose involves the sacrifice of its baggage and stores. 是故卷甲而趨，日夜不處，倍道兼行，百里而爭(zhēng)利，則擒三將軍， Thus， if you order your men to roll up their buffcoats， and make forced marches without halting day or night， covering double the usual distance at a stretch， doing a hundred LI in order to wrest an advantage， the leaders of all your three divisions will fall into the hands of the enemy. 勁者先，疲者后，其法十一而至； The stronger men will be in front， the jaded ones will fall behind， and on this plan only onetenth of your army will reach its destination. 五十里而爭(zhēng)利，則蹶上將軍，其法半至； If you march fifty LI in order to outmaneuver the enemy， you will lose the leader of your first division， and only half your force will reach the goal. 三十里而爭(zhēng)利，則三分之二至。 Thus， to take a long and circuitous route， after enticing the enemy out of the way， and though starting after him， to contrive to reach the goal before him， shows knowledge of the artifice of deviation. 軍爭(zhēng)為利 ， 軍爭(zhēng)為危。軍爭(zhēng)之難者，以迂為直，以患為利。 He who can modify his tactics in relation to his opponent and thereby succeed in winning， may be called a heavenborn captain. 故五行無常勝，四時(shí)無常位，日有短長(zhǎng)，月有死生。 Water shapes its course according to the nature of the ground over which it flows； the soldier works out his victory in relation to the foe whom he is facing. 故兵無常勢(shì)，水無常形。 All men can see the tactics whereby I conquer， but what none can see is the strategy out of which victory is evolved. 故其戰(zhàn)勝不復(fù)，而應(yīng)形于無窮。 How victory may be produced for them out of the enemy39。無形則深間不能窺，智者不能謀。故策之而知得失之計(jì) ， Though the enemy be stronger in numbers， we may prevent him from fighting. Scheme so as to discover his plans and the likelihood of their success. 候之而知?jiǎng)屿o之理，形之而知死生之地， Rouse him， and learn the principle of his activity or inactivity. Force him to reveal himself， so as to find out his vulnerable spots. 角之而知有余不足之處。 Numerical weakness es from having to prepare against possible attacks； numerical strength， from pelling our adversary to make these preparations against us. 故知戰(zhàn)之地，知戰(zhàn)之日，則可千里而會(huì)戰(zhàn)； Knowing the place and the time of the ing battle， we may concentrate from the greatest distances in order to fight. 不知戰(zhàn)之地，不知戰(zhàn)日，則左不能救右，右不能救左，前不能救后，后不能救前，而況遠(yuǎn)者數(shù)十里，近者 數(shù)里乎！ But if neither time nor place be known， then the left wing will be impotent to succor the right， the right equally impotent to succor the left， the van unable to relieve the rear， or the rear to support the van. How much more so if the furthest portions of the army are anything under a hundred LI apart， and even the nearest are separated by several LI！ 以吾度之，越人之兵雖多，亦奚益于勝哉！故曰：勝可為也。 The spot where we intend to fight must not be made known； for then the enemy will have to prepare against a possible attack at several different points； and his forces being thus distributed in many directions， the numbers we shall have to face at any given point will be proportionately few. 故備前則后寡，備后則前寡，備左則右寡，備右則左寡，無所不備，則無所不寡。s few. 則我眾敵寡，能以眾擊寡者，則吾之所與戰(zhàn)者約矣。s must be divided. 我專為一，敵分為十，是以十攻其一也。 By discovering the enemy39。s weak points； you may retire and be safe from pursuit if your movements are more rapid than those of the enemy. 故我欲戰(zhàn)，敵雖高壘深溝，不得不與我戰(zhàn)者，攻其所必救也； If we wish to fight， the enemy can be forced to an engagement even though he be sheltered behind a high rampart and a deep ditch. All we need do is attack some other place that he will be obliged to relieve. 我不欲戰(zhàn)，雖畫地而 守之，敵不得與我戰(zhàn)者，乖其所之也。s fate in our hands. 進(jìn)而不可御者，沖其虛也；退而不可追者，速而不可及也。 Hence that general is skillful in attack whose opponent does not know what to defend； and he is skillful in defense whose opponent does not know what to attack. 微乎微乎，至于無形；神乎神乎，至于無聲，故能為敵之司命。守而必 固者，守其所必攻也。 If the enemy is taking his ease， he can harass him； if well supplied with food， he can starve him out； if quietly encamped， he can force him to move. 出其所必 趨，趨其所不意。s will to be imposed on him. 能使敵人自至者，利之也；能使敵人不得至者，害之也。 Sun Tzu said： Whoever is first in the field and awaits the ing of the enemy， will be fresh for the fight； whoever is second in the field and has to hasten to battle will arrive exhausted. 故善戰(zhàn)者，致人而不致于人。 When he utilizes bined energy， his fighting men bee as it were like unto rolling logs or stones. For it is the nature of a log or stone to remain motionless on level ground， and to move when on a slope； if fourcornered， to e to a standstill， but if roundshaped， to go rolling down. 故善戰(zhàn)人之勢(shì)，如轉(zhuǎn)圓石于千仞之山者，勢(shì)也。 The clever batant looks to the effect of bined energy， and does not require too much from individuals. Hence his ability to pick out the right men and utilize bined energy. 任勢(shì)者，其戰(zhàn)人也，如轉(zhuǎn)木石。 Thus one who is skillful at keeping the enemy on the move maintains deceitful appearances， according to which the enemy will act. He sacrifices something， that the enemy may snatch at it. 以利動(dòng)之 ， 以卒待之。 Simulated disorder postulates perfect discipline， simulated fear postulates courage； simulated weakness postulates strength. 治亂，數(shù)也；勇怯， 勢(shì)也