【正文】 your battles is not supreme excellence； supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy39。 The general， unable to control his irritation， will launch his men to the assault like swarming ants， with the result that onethird of his men are slain， while the town still remains untaken. Such are the disastrous effects of a siege. 故善用兵者 ， 屈人 之兵而非戰(zhàn)也 ， 拔人之城而非攻也 ， 毀人之國而非久也 ， Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy39。s minds. （ 3） 不知三軍之權(quán)而同三軍之任 ， 則軍士疑矣。 To secure ourselves against defeat lies in our own hands， but the opportunity of defeating the enemy is provided by the enemy himself. 故善戰(zhàn)者，能為不可勝，不能使敵之必可勝。 What the ancients called a clever fighter is one who not only wins， but excels in winning with ease. 故善戰(zhàn)者之勝也，無智名，無勇功， Hence his victories bring him neither reputation for wisdom nor credit for courage. 故其戰(zhàn)勝不忒。 A victorious army opposed to a routed one， is as a pound39。 Indirect tactics， efficiently applied， are inexhaustible as Heaven and Earth， unending as the flow of rivers and streams； like the sun and moon， they end but to begin anew； like the four seasons， they pass away to return once more. 聲不過五，五聲之變，不可勝聽也； There are not more than five musical notes， yet the binations of these five give rise to more melodies than can ever be heard. 色不過五，五色之變，不可勝觀也； There are not more than five primary colors （ blue， yellow， red， white， and black）， yet in bination they produce more hues than can ever been seen. 味不過五，五味之變，不可勝嘗也； There are not more than five cardinal tastes （ sour， acrid， salt， sweet， bitter）， yet binations of them yield more flavors than can ever be tasted. 戰(zhàn)勢不過奇正，奇正之變，不可勝窮也。 Thus one who is skillful at keeping the enemy on the move maintains deceitful appearances， according to which the enemy will act. He sacrifices something， that the enemy may snatch at it. 以利動之 ， 以卒待之。s will to be imposed on him. 能使敵人自至者，利之也；能使敵人不得至者，害之也。s fate in our hands. 進(jìn)而不可御者，沖其虛也；退而不可追者，速而不可及也。s few. 則我眾敵寡，能以眾擊寡者，則吾之所與戰(zhàn)者約矣。無形則深間不能窺，智者不能謀。 He who can modify his tactics in relation to his opponent and thereby succeed in winning， may be called a heavenborn captain. 故五行無常勝，四時無常位，日有短長，月有死生。 We may take it then that an army without its baggagetrain is lost； without provisions it is lost； without bases of supply it is lost. 故不知諸侯之謀者，不能豫交； We cannot enter into alliances until we are acquainted with the designs of our neighbors. 不知山林 、險阻、沮澤之形者，不能行軍； We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country——its mountains and forests， its pitfalls and precipices， its marshes and swamps. 不用鄉(xiāng)導(dǎo)者，不能得地利。 If you set a fully equipped army in march in order to snatch an advantage， the chances are that you will be too late. On the other hand， to detach a flying column for the purpose involves the sacrifice of its baggage and stores. 是故卷甲而趨，日夜不處，倍道兼行，百里而爭利，則擒三將軍， Thus， if you order your men to roll up their buffcoats， and make forced marches without halting day or night， covering double the usual distance at a stretch， doing a hundred LI in order to wrest an advantage， the leaders of all your three divisions will fall into the hands of the enemy. 勁者先，疲者后，其法十一而至； The stronger men will be in front， the jaded ones will fall behind， and on this plan only onetenth of your army will reach its destination. 五十里而爭利，則蹶上將軍，其法半至； If you march fifty LI in order to outmaneuver the enemy， you will lose the leader of your first division， and only half your force will reach the goal. 三十里而爭利，則三分之二至。 Water shapes its course according to the nature of the ground over which it flows； the soldier works out his victory in relation to the foe whom he is facing. 故兵無常勢，水無常形。故策之而知得失之計 ， Though the enemy be stronger in numbers， we may prevent him from fighting. Scheme so as to discover his plans and the likelihood of their success. 候之而知動靜之理，形之而知死生之地， Rouse him， and learn the principle of his activity or inactivity. Force him to reveal himself， so as to find out his vulnerable spots. 角之而知有余不足之處。s must be divided. 我專為一，敵分為十，是以十攻其一也。 Hence that general is skillful in attack whose opponent does not know what to defend； and he is skillful in defense whose opponent does not know what to attack. 微乎微乎，至于無形；神乎神乎，至于無聲，故能為敵之司命。 Sun Tzu said： Whoever is first in the field and awaits the ing of the enemy， will be fresh for the fight； whoever is second in the field and has to hasten to battle will arrive exhausted. 故善戰(zhàn)者，致人而不致于人。 Simulated disorder postulates perfect discipline， simulated fear postulates courage； simulated weakness postulates strength. 治亂，數(shù)也；勇怯， 勢也；強(qiáng)弱，形也。終而復(fù)始，日月是也。 In respect of military method， we have， firstly， Measurement； secondly， Estimation of quantity； thirdly， Calculation； fourthly， Balancing of chances； fifthly， Victory. 地生度，度生量，量生數(shù)，數(shù)生稱，稱生勝。 Neither is it the acme of excellence if you fight and conquer and the whole Empire says， Well done！ 故舉秋毫不為多力，見日月不為明目，聞雷霆不為聰耳。 Hence the saying： If you know the enemy and know yourself， you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy， for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself， you will succumb in every battle. 軍形第四 IV. Tactical Dispositions 孫子曰：昔之善戰(zhàn)者，先為不可勝，以待敵之可勝。輔周則國必強(qiáng)，輔隙則國必弱。修櫓 轒辒 ，具器械，三月而后成；距堙，又三月而后已。 Sun Tzu said： In the practical art of war， the best thing of all is to take the enemy39。 Now in order to kill the enemy， our men must be roused to anger； that there may be advantage from defeating the enemy， they must have their rewards. 車戰(zhàn)得車十乘以上，賞其先得者而更其旌旗。s substance to be drained away. 財竭則急于 丘役。 Sun Tzu said： In the operations of war， where there are in the field a thousand swift chariots， as many heavy chariots， and a hundred thousand mailclad soldiers， with provisio