【正文】 erely， benevolence， courage and strictness. 法者 ， 曲制、官道、主用也。 The general that hearkens to my counsel and acts upon it， will conquer： let such a one be retained in mand！ The general that hearkens not to my counsel nor acts upon it， will suffer defeat： ——let such a one be dismissed！ 計利以聽，乃為之勢，以佐其外。 All warfare is based on deception. 故能而示之不能 ， 用而示之不用 ， 近而示之遠 ， 遠而示之近。多算勝少算，而況于無算乎！吾以此觀之，勝負見矣。s weapons will grow dull and their ardor will be damped. If you lay siege to a town， you will exhaust your strength. 久暴師則國用不足。 There is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare. 故不盡知用兵之害者，則不能盡知用兵之利也。 When their substance is drained away， the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions. 力屈中原、內(nèi)虛于家，百姓之費，十去其七；公家之費，破軍罷馬，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛櫓，丘牛大車，十去其六。s own， and likewise a single picul of his provender is equivalent to twenty from one39。車雜而乘之，卒善而養(yǎng)之，是謂勝敵而益強。國家安危之主也。s country whole and intact； to shatter and destroy it is not so good. So， too， it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy it， to capture a regiment， a detachment or a pany entire than to destroy them. 是故百戰(zhàn)百勝， 非善之善也；不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵，善之善者也。s plans； the next best is to prevent the junction of the enemy39。 The rule is， not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided. The preparation of mantlets， movable shelters， and various implements of war， will take up three whole months； and the piling up of mounds over against the walls will take three months more. 將不勝其忿而蟻附之，殺士卒三分之一，而城 不拔者，此攻之災也。s one， to surround him； if five to one， to attack him； if twice as numerous， to divide our army into two. 敵則能戰(zhàn)之，少則能逃之，不若則能避之。 Now the general is the bulwark of the State； if the bulwark is plete at all points； the State will be strong； if the bulwark is defective， the State will be weak. 故君之所以患于軍者三： There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his army： —— （ 1） 不知軍之不可以進而謂之進，不知軍之不可以退而謂之退，是謂縻軍； （ 1） By manding the army to advance or to retreat， being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey. This is called hobbling the army. （ 2） 不知三軍之事而同三軍之政 ， 則軍士惑矣 ； （ 2） By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom， being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier39。 But when the army is restless and distrustful， trouble is sure to e from the other feudal princes. This is simply bringing anarchy into the army， and flinging victory away. 故知勝有五：知可以戰(zhàn)與不可以戰(zhàn)者勝，識眾寡之用者勝，上下同欲者勝，以虞待不虞者勝，將能而君不御者勝。 Sun Tzu said： The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat， and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy. 不可勝在己，可勝在敵。 Security against defeat implies defensive tactics； ability to defeat the enemy means taking the offensive. 守則不足 ， 攻則有余。 To lift an autumn hair is no sign of great strength； to see the sun and moon is no sign of sharp sight； to hear the noise of thunder is no sign of a quick ear. 古之所謂善戰(zhàn)者，勝于易勝者也。 Hence the skillful fighter puts himself into a position which makes defeat impossible， and does not miss the moment for defeating the enemy. 是故勝兵先勝而后求戰(zhàn)，敗兵先戰(zhàn)而后求勝。 Measurement owes its existence to Earth； Estimation of quantity to Measurement； Calculation to Estimation of quantity； Balancing of chances to Calculation； and Victory to Balancing of chances. 故勝兵若以鎰稱銖，敗兵若以銖稱鎰。s attack and remain unshaken—— this is effected by maneuvers direct and indirect. 兵之所加，如以 碬 投卵者，虛實是也。死而更生，四時是也。 Therefore the good fighter will be terrible in his onset， and prompt in his decision. 勢如擴弩 ， 節(jié)如發(fā)機。 Hiding order beneath the cloak of disorder is simply a question of subdivision； concealing courage under a show of timidity presupposes a fund of latent energy； masking strength with weakness is to be effected by tactical dispositions. 故善動敵者，形之，敵 必從之；予之，敵必取之。木石之性，安則靜，危則動，方則止，圓則行。 Therefore the clever batant imposes his will on the enemy， but does not allow the enemy39。 Appear at points which the enemy must hasten to defend； march swiftly to places where you are not expected. 行千里而不勞者，行于無人之地也； An army may march great distances without distress， if it marches through country where the enemy is not. 攻而必取者 ， 攻其所不守也。 O divine art of subtlety and secrecy！ Through you we learn to be invisible， through you inaudible； and hence we can hold the enemy39。 If we do not wish to fight， we can prevent the enemy from engaging us even though the lines of our encampment be merely traced out on the ground. All we need do is to throw something odd and unaccountable in his way. 故形人而我無形，則我專而敵分。 We can form a single united body， while the enemy must split up into fractions. Hence there will be a whole pitted against separate parts of a whole， which means that we shall be many to the enemy39。 For should the enemy strengthen his van， he will weaken his rear； should he strengthen his rear， he will weaken his van； should he strengthen his left， he will weaken his right； should he strengthen his right， he will weaken his left. If he sends reinforcements everywhere， he will everywhere be weak. 寡者，備人者也；眾者，使人備己者也。 Carefully pare the opposing army with your own， so that you may know where strength is superabundant and where it is deficient. 故形兵之極，至于無形。s own tactics——that is what the multitude cannot prehend. 人皆知我所以勝之形 ， 而莫知吾所以制勝之形。 Therefore， just as water retains no constant shape， so in warfare there are no constant conditions. 能因敵變化而取勝者，謂之神。 After that， es tactical maneuvering， than which there is nothing more difficult. The difficulty of tactical maneuvering consists in turning the devious into the direct， and misfortune into gain. 故迂其途，而誘之以利，后人發(fā)，先人至，此知迂直之計者也。 If you march thirty LI with the same object， twothirds of your army will arrive. 是故軍無輜重則亡，無 糧食則亡，無委積則亡。 Let your plans be dark and imperable as night， and