【正文】 ses of the earth； he who is skilled in attack flashes forth from the topmost heights of heaven. Thus on the one hand we have ability to protect ourselves； on the other， a victory that is plete. 見勝不過眾人之所知，非善之善者也； To see victory only when it is within the ken of the mon herd is not the acme of excellence. 戰(zhàn)勝而天下曰善，非善之善者也。 Thus we may know that there are five essentials for victory： （ 1） He will win who knows when to fight and when not to fight. （ 2） He will win who knows how to handle both superior and inferior forces. （ 3） He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks. （ 4） He will win who， prepared himself， waits to take the enemy unprepared. （ 5） He will win who has military capacity and is not interfered with by the sovereign. 故曰：知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不貽；不知彼而知己，一勝一負；不知彼不知己，每戰(zhàn)必敗。 Hence， though an obstinate fight may be made by a small force， in the end it must be captured by the larger force. 夫將者，國之輔也。s army in the field； and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities. 攻城之法，為不得已。s fate， the man on whom it depends whether the nation shall be in peace or in peril. 謀攻第三 III. Attack by Stratagem 孫子曰：夫用兵之法，全國為上，破國次之；全軍為上，破軍次之；全旅為上，破旅次之；全卒 為上，破卒次之；全伍為上，破伍次之。 故殺敵者，怒也；取敵之利者，貨也。 Bring war material with you from home， but forage on the enemy. Thus the army will have food enough for its needs. 國之貧于師者遠輸，遠輸則百姓貧； Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished. 近師者貴賣，貴賣則百姓財竭， On the other hand， the proximity of an army causes prices to go up； and high prices cause the people39。則內外之費，賓客之用，膠 漆之材，車甲之奉，日費千金，然后十萬之師舉矣。 According as circumstances are favorable， one should modify one39。 Sun Tzu said： The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death， a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected. 故經之以五事，校之以計，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰將，五曰法。 （ 1） Which of the two sovereigns is imbued with the Moral law？ （ 2） Which of the two generals has most ability？ （ 3） With whom lie the advantages derived from Heaven and Earth？ （ 4） On which side is discipline most rigorously enforced？ （ 5） Which army is stronger？ （ 6） On which side are officers and men more highly trained？ （ 7） In which army is there the greater constancy both in reward and punishment？ By means of these seven considerations I can forecast victory or defeat. 將聽吾計，用之必勝，留之；將不聽吾計，用之必敗，去之。 These military devices， leading to victory， must not be divulged beforehand. 夫未戰(zhàn)而廟算勝者 ，得算多也；未戰(zhàn)而廟算不勝者，得算少也。 Thus， though we have heard of stupid haste in war， cleverness has never been seen associated with long delays. 夫兵久而國利者，未之有也。s provisions is equivalent to twenty of one39。 In war， then， let your great object be victory， not lengthy campaigns. 故知兵之將，民之司命。 Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk the enemy39。 With his forces intact he will dispute the mastery of the Empire， and thus， without losing a man， his triumph will be plete. This is the method of attacking by stratagem. 故用兵之法 ， 十則圍之 ， 五則攻之 ， 倍則分之 ， It is the rule in war， if our forces are ten to the enemy39。是謂亂軍引勝。 Hence the saying： One may know how to conquer without being able to do it. 不可勝者 ， 守也 ； 可勝者 ， 攻也。 He wins his battles by making no mistakes. Making no mistakes is what establishes the certainty of victory， for it means conquering an enemy that is already defeated. 故善戰(zhàn)者，立于不敗之地，而不失敵之敗也。 The onrush of a conquering force is like the bursting of pentup waters into a chasm a thousand fathoms deep. 兵勢第五 V. Energy 孫子曰：凡治眾如治寡，分數是也； Sun Tzu said： The control of a large force is the same principle as the control of a few men： it is merely a question of dividing up their numbers. 斗眾如斗寡，形名是也； Fighting with a large army under your mand is nowise different from fighting with a small one： it is merely a question of instituting signs and signals. 三軍之眾，可使必受敵而無敗者，奇正是也； To ensure that your whole host may withstand the brunt of the enemy39。 The quality of decision is like the welltimed swoop of a falcon which enables it to strike and destroy its victim. 故善戰(zhàn)者，其勢險，其節(jié)短。 The clever batant looks to the effect of bined energy， and does not require too much from individuals. Hence his ability to pick out the right men and utilize bined energy. 任勢者，其戰(zhàn)人也，如轉木石。 If the enemy is taking his ease， he can harass him； if well supplied with food， he can starve him out； if quietly encamped， he can force him to move. 出其所必 趨，趨其所不意。s weak points； you may retire and be safe from pursuit if your movements are more rapid than those of the enemy. 故我欲戰(zhàn)，敵雖高壘深溝，不得不與我戰(zhàn)者，攻其所必救也； If we wish to fight， the enemy can be forced to an engagement even though he be sheltered behind a high rampart and a deep ditch. All we need do is attack some other place that he will be obliged to relieve. 我不欲戰(zhàn)，雖畫地而 守之，敵不得與我戰(zhàn)者，乖其所之也。 The spot where we intend to fight must not be made known； for then the enemy will have to prepare against a possible attack at several different points； and his forces being thus distributed in many directions， the numbers we shall have to face at any given point will be proportionately few. 故備前則后寡，備后則前寡，備左則右寡，備右則左寡，無所不備，則無所不寡。 How victory may be produced for them out of the enemy39。軍爭之難者，以迂為直，以患為利。 Whether to concentrate or to divide your troops， must be decided by circumstances. 故其疾如風，其徐如林， Let your rapidity be that of the wind， your pactness that of the forest. 侵掠如火 ， 不動如山 ， In raiding and plundering be like fire， is immovability like a mountain. 難知如陰 ， 動如雷震。 Thus， to take a long and circuitous route， after enticing the enemy out of the way， and though starting after him， to contrive to reach the goal bef