【正文】 ns enough to carry them a thousand li， the expenditure at home and at the front， including entertainment of guests， small items such as glue and paint， and sums spent on chariots and armor， will reach the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day. Such is the cost of raising an army of 100， 000 men. 其用戰(zhàn)也，勝久則鈍兵挫銳，攻城則力屈， When you engage in actual fighting， if victory is long in ing， then men39。s plans. 兵者 ， 詭道也。 The art of war， then， is governed by five constant factors， to be taken into account in one39。 These five heads should be familiar to every general： he who knows them will be victorious； he who knows them not will fail. 故校之以計(jì)，而索其情，曰：主孰有道？ Therefore， in your deliberations， when seeking to determine the military conditions， let them be made the basis of a parison， in this wise： —— 將孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵眾孰強(qiáng)？士卒孰練？賞罰孰明？吾以此知?jiǎng)儇?fù)矣。 Attack him where he is unprepared， appear where you are not expected. 此兵家之勝 ， 不可先傳也。 Now， when your weapons are dulled， your ardor damped， your strength exhausted and your treasure spent， other chieftains will spring up to take advantage of your extremity. Then no man， however wise， will be able to avert the consequences that must ensue. 故兵聞拙速，未睹巧之久也。 Hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy. One cartload of the enemy39。s own strength. 故兵貴勝 ， 不貴久。s resistance without fighting. 故上兵伐謀，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。s troops without any fighting； he captures their cities without laying siege to them； he overthrows their kingdom without lengthy operations in the field. 必以全爭(zhēng)于天下，故兵不頓而利可全，此謀攻之法也。 （ 3） By employing the officers of his army without discrimination， through ignorance of the military principle of adaptation to circumstances. This shakes the confidence of the soldiers. 三軍既惑且疑 ， 則諸 侯之難至矣。 Thus the good fighter is able to secure himself against defeat， but cannot make certain of defeating the enemy. 故曰：勝可知，而不可為。不忒者，其所措勝，勝已敗者也。s weight placed in the scale against a single grain. 稱勝者之戰(zhàn)民也，若決積水于千仞之溪者，形也。 In battle， there are not more than two methods of attack——the direct and the indirect； yet these two in bination give rise to an endless series of maneuvers. 奇正相生，如循環(huán)之無(wú)端，孰能窮之哉！ The direct and the indirect lead on to each other in turn. It is like moving in a circle——you never e to an end. Who can exhaust the possibilities of their bination？ 激水之疾 ， 至于漂石者 ， 勢(shì)也 ； The onset of troops is like the rush of a torrent which will even roll stones along in its course. 鷙鳥(niǎo)之疾，至于毀折者，節(jié)也。 By holding out baits， he keeps him on the march； then with a body of picked men he lies in wait for him. 故善戰(zhàn)者，求之于勢(shì)，不責(zé)于人故能擇人而任勢(shì)。 By holding out advantages to him， he can cause the enemy to approach of his own accord； or， by inflicting damage， he can make it impossible for the enemy to draw near. 故敵佚能勞之，飽能饑之，安能動(dòng)之。 You may advance and be absolutely irresistible， if you make for the enemy39。 And if we are able thus to attack an inferior force with a superior one， our opponents will be in dire straits. 吾所與戰(zhàn)之地不可知，不 可知?jiǎng)t敵所備者多，敵所備者多，則吾所與戰(zhàn)者寡矣。 In making tactical dispositions， the highest pitch you can attain is to conceal them； conceal your dispositions， and you will be safe from the prying of the subtlest spies， from the machinations of the wisest brains. 因形而措 勝于眾，眾不能知。 The five elements （ water， fire， wood， metal， earth） are not always equally predominant； the four seasons make way for each other in turn. There are short days and long； the moon has its periods of waning and waxing. 軍爭(zhēng)第七 VII. Maneuvering 孫子曰 ： 凡用兵之法 ， 將受命于君 ， Sun Tzu said： In war， the general receives his mands from the sovereign. 合軍聚眾 ， 交和而舍 ， Having collected an army and concentrated his forces， he must blend and harmonize the different elements thereof before pitching his camp. 莫難于軍爭(zhēng)。 We shall be unable to turn natural advantage to account unless we make use of local guides. 故兵以詐立 ， 以利動(dòng) ， In war， practice dissimulation， and you will succeed. 以分和為變者也。 Maneuvering with an army is advantageous； with an undisciplined multitude， most dangerous. 舉軍而爭(zhēng)利則不及，委軍而爭(zhēng)利則輜重捐。 Do not repeat the tactics which have gained you one victory， but let your methods be regulated by the infinite variety of circumstances. 夫兵形象水，水之行避高而趨下， Military tactics are like unto water； for water in its natural course runs away from high places and hastens downwards. 兵之形避實(shí)而擊虛 ； So in war， the way is to avoid what is strong and to strike at what is weak. 水因地而制流，兵因敵而制勝。 Though according to my estimate the soldiers of Yueh exceed our own in number， that shall advantage them nothing in the matter of victory. I say then that victory can be achieved. 敵雖眾 ， 可使無(wú)斗。s dispositions and remaining invisible ourselves， we can keep our forces concentrated， while the enemy39。 You can be sure of succeeding in your attacks if you only attack places which are undefended. You can ensure the safety of your defense if you only hold positions that cannot be attacked. 故善攻者，敵不知其所守；善守者，敵不知其所攻。 Thus the energy developed by good fighting men is as the momentum of a round stone rolled down a mountain thousands of feet in height. So much on the subject of energy. 虛實(shí)第六 VI. Weak Points and Strong 孫子曰 ： 凡先處戰(zhàn)地而待敵者佚 ， 后處戰(zhàn)地而趨戰(zhàn)者勞。 Amid the turmoil and tumult of battle， there may be seeming disorder and yet no real disorder at all； amid confusion and chaos， your array may be without head or tail， yet it will be proof against defeat. 亂生于治，怯生于勇，弱生于強(qiáng)。 In all fighting， the direct method may be used for joining battle， but indirect methods will be needed in order to secure victory. 故善出奇者，無(wú)窮如天地，不竭如江海。 The consummate leader cultivates the moral law， and strictly adheres to method and discipline； thus it is in his power to control success. 兵法：一曰度，二曰量，三曰數(shù)，四曰稱，五曰勝。 The general who is skilled in defense hides in the most secret reces