【正文】 bringing about remarkable changes in this field.Human resources growing in scale. By the end of 2022 China’s total population had reached billion (excluding that of the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan Province), which contains a labor force of billion persons, million more than in 2022。 the number of employees had reached million, of whom million were urban employees, increases of million and million, respectively, pared with the year 2022.Remarkable improvement of education. China gives priority to education in its development strategy, and has established a paratively plete national modern educational system. In 2022 NineYear Compulsory Education was made universal throughout the country, and illiteracy among people between the ages of 20 and 50 was basically eliminated. The number of teenagers attending senior middle school has increased greatly。 vocational education has been especially enhanced。 and higher education is being more popular. In 2022 the total number of senior middle school students in China amounted to million。 students at various secondary vocational schools numbered million。 undergraduates studying at all sorts of universities and colleges numbered million and postgraduate students million. The development of national education has remarkably raised employees’ educational level. By the end of 2022, the average schooling of people above 15 years old had reached nearly years, while that of the majority of the working population was years, of which % had received higher education. The average education time of newly increased labor force amounted to years.Third：Good progress in talent developmentPeople having professional knowledge or special skills who contribute to society through creative work are highly regarded in China. They are a highability and highquality labor force among human resources. The Chinese government has drawn up and implemented a series of major principles and policies to advance the building of contingents of people of all kinds for the Party and government, enterprise operation and management, professional techniques, high technology, rural affairs and social work in an allround way. Through years of efforts, the number of talented people has maintained a stable increase, with improved quality, optimized structure and gradually rising utilization efficiency. Human resources are the primary factor in economic and social development, and are playing an increasingly important role in China’s modernization. China has always paid great attention to human resources development. In the new century, China has made a major decision to rejuvenate the nation through human resources development, aiming to train thousands of millions of highquality workers, hundreds of millions of professionals and a large group of topnotch innovative personnel, and set up a largescale and rationally structured contingent of highcaliber personnel. In 2022 the Chinese government incorporated this strategy into the FiveYear Plan for National Economic and Social Development. Since 2022 it has intensified efforts in the sphere of toplevel design and systematic planning of human resources development. It formulated the Outline of the National Plan for Medium and Longterm Scientific and Technological Development (20222020), Outline of the National Plan for Medium and Longterm Human Resources Development (20222020) and Outline of the National Plan for Medium and Longterm Educational Reform and Development (20222020), focusing on a strategy of prioritizing human resources development in the course of economic and social development. 24 / 32The plans formed the country’s guidelines on the overall development of human resources in urban and rural areas, among different regions, industries and trades, and among the public and nonpublic sectors, ensuring that everyone has an equal opportunity in benefiting from related policies and participating in human resources development, and striving to realize a coordinated development of human resources of all types.To meet the need of establishing an innovative nation, the Chinese government has launched the National Hightech Ramp。D Program (863 Program), National Key Basic Research Program (973 Program), National Key Technology Ramp。D Program, National Natural Science Foundation and other national programs and foundations. It has also built the National Engineering Research Center and the National Engineering Laboratory, implemented the Skills Training Plan of the “HundredThousandTen Thousand Project,” Changjiang Scholars Program and some other major human resourcesrelated programs. In addition, it has invested more in science and technology and implemented the Project on Upgrading the Knowledge of Technical Professionals. As a result, it has trained a large number of scientific and technical professionals with high qualifications, and attracted highcaliber personnel from overseas. In 2022 the fulltime Ramp。D personnel nationwide reached 1,965,400, some times the 1991 figure. Among these there were 1,593,400 fulltime scientists and engineers, times the 1991 figure. A total of 2,146 centers for postdoctoral studies and 1,642 postdoctoral workstations were set up, and the number of postdoctoral researchers exceeded 70,000.To meet the needs of taking a new road to industrialization and optimizing and upgrading the industrial structure, the Chinese government has implemented the National Plan for Developing Skilled Personnel, set up public training bases and national demonstration bases for the training of highlyskilled personnel, and striven to create a contingent of skilled personnel for different industries. The state has made great efforts to train people with practical skills for the countryside, implemented a plan to enhance thes