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英語(yǔ)六級(jí)專題訓(xùn)練之翻譯句子-資料下載頁(yè)

2025-01-10 05:13本頁(yè)面
  

【正文】 1. in the last office but one 解析: but 經(jīng)常與表示最高級(jí)的形容詞或 first, next, last 等同連用,如: Some people say this nation is the cleverest but one in the whole world.(有人說,這個(gè)民族在全世界范圍內(nèi)聰明才智排第二。) She was the last but one to e.(她是倒數(shù)第二個(gè)來的。) 2. beyond description 解析:比起譯文 not easy to describe in words, cannot be described by words,答案的譯文顯然要精妙得多。 beyond 用作介詞時(shí)可以表示 exceeding, out the reach of,即:超出(理解、范圍、眼界)之上。如: This passage is beyond my prehension.(這篇文章超出了我的理解力。) I won’ t buy your radio set beyond my offer.(只要超出我出的價(jià)錢,我就不買你這臺(tái)收音機(jī)。) 3. Kept within houses 解析:過去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)表示條件,相當(dāng)于一 個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 Kept within houses 要比If a person was kept within houses 更簡(jiǎn)潔明了,且可以避免前后句 person 的重復(fù)。請(qǐng)看下例:Given more time, I can also do it.(如果給我足夠時(shí)間,我也可以做此事。)過去分詞短語(yǔ)還可以作原因狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)等??忌鷳?yīng)注意復(fù)習(xí)。如: Influenced by his ideas, she joined the revolution too.(作原因狀語(yǔ)) Heated, ice changes into water.(作條件狀語(yǔ)) He went there with great hope, but returned greatly disappointed.(表伴隨狀況) 4. Having finished their homework 解析:我們知道,現(xiàn)在分詞在句中可以表示原因、時(shí)間、條件、結(jié)果等。本題考查了現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的用法。由后半句可知,“完成作業(yè)”發(fā)生在“他們?nèi)D書館”之前,因此,現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)需要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。如果分詞動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,就用一般式,如: Seeing the picture, he couldn’ t help thinking of her. (一看到照片,他就禁不住想起她。) 5. beaten black and blue 解析:本題考點(diǎn)有二:一是如何表達(dá)習(xí)語(yǔ)“青一塊紫一塊”;二是過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),可以省略 to be,尤其是在 like, want, order,wish 后,如: I wish him driven away. = I wish him to be driven away。換成被動(dòng) 語(yǔ)態(tài)后就是:He is wished (to be ) driven away. 1. The murderer deserves _______________(被絞死) . 2. _______________(他們來幫忙) encouraged me. 3. I was sorry ________________(沒看上這部電影) . 4. In this night, if we can make good use of time, _______________(當(dāng)然毫無(wú)疑問地我們會(huì)成功) . 5. The government should enforce laws strictly. On the other hand, the public also should ________________(培養(yǎng)減少污染的好習(xí)慣) . 參考答案及解析 : 1. hanging/ to be hanged 解析:本題既可以用 Ving 也可以用動(dòng)詞不定式。除 deserve 外, need, require, want 后也可以跟主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)名詞,但含義卻是被動(dòng)的。如: Your windows need cleaning.(你的窗戶需要擦。) His story requires investigating.(他說的話需要調(diào)查核實(shí)。) Your shoes want polishing.(你的鞋需要擦。)與這類用法很類似的是形容詞 worth 后接動(dòng)名詞,其含義也屬于被動(dòng)。如: Your method is worth trying.(你的辦法值得一試。) The novel is worth reading.(這本小說值得一讀。) 2. Their ing to help 解析:原中文句是一個(gè)完整的“主、謂、賓”結(jié) 構(gòu),但這種漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)按照字面直接譯成英語(yǔ) They came to help 的話,就不符合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法規(guī)范,因?yàn)楹蟀刖湟呀?jīng)出現(xiàn)了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞encouraged,所以這里我們要采用詞性轉(zhuǎn)譯法,把“他們來幫忙”處理成動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的形式。其實(shí),還有一種方法是把“他們來幫忙”處理成 that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句 That they came to help,在句子作主語(yǔ)。 3. to have missed this film 解析:本題考查了反譯法和不定式完成時(shí)的用法?!皼]看上這部電影,所以我才感到遺憾”,因此動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞之前,所以要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。如果用正譯法將句子需填入部分譯成not to have seen this film 就不符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,沒有答案的效果好。 4. there can surely be no doubt that we will succeed 解析: in this light 是一個(gè)慣用表達(dá),意思是“這樣說來”; make good use of 指“善用時(shí)間”。如果將原文譯成 there can be no doubt that we would succeed,就只將“毫無(wú)疑問”譯了出來,卻 沒能體現(xiàn)“當(dāng)然”。那么在 there can 結(jié)構(gòu)中“當(dāng)然”應(yīng)該放在什么位置呢?通常 surely/ certainly 都放在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,系動(dòng)詞之前。注意:“成功”也可以說 get somewhere;反之,不成功、一事無(wú)成、毫無(wú)進(jìn)展就用 get nowhere。如: The new policy will get the pany nowhere.(新的政策將使公司前途晦暗。) 5. develop the good habit of reducing pollution 解析:本題考查詞義辨析?!芭囵B(yǎng)” 的英文對(duì)應(yīng)詞是 cultivate,但 cultivate 是指通過犁地等來耕作土地或指對(duì)人的養(yǎng)育、培育,如: to cultivate a love of art(培養(yǎng)對(duì)藝術(shù)的愛好); to cultivate a new generation(培育新一代)。句中的意思是說,政府應(yīng)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法,另一方面,大眾也應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成減少污染的好習(xí)慣?!傲?xí)慣”是要大眾自己養(yǎng)成的,而不是說大眾要培養(yǎng)什么其他人,所以應(yīng)用 develop 這個(gè)詞,表示逐漸形成,使行為朝著某一特定目標(biāo)發(fā)展。 1. We’ ll be all right _______________(只要我們能到達(dá)下一個(gè)加油站) . 2. Seeing these pictures _______________(讓我想到了我的童年時(shí)代) . 3. We all know the fact that ________________(他們已使工廠現(xiàn)代化) . 4. It is quite clear that _______________(整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失?。?. 5. All the lights in this building ________________(都受這個(gè)開 關(guān)的控制) . 答案及解析 : 1. if only we can get to the next petrolstation 解析:本題“只要”不能用 as long as, as long as 保留時(shí)間方面的含義,它引導(dǎo)的條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞,如: I’ ll let you use the room as long as you keep it clean.(只要你能保持房間清潔,我就讓你用這個(gè)房間。)如果條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示短暫性的動(dòng)作,最好用 if only。本句中“到達(dá)”就是 一個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞,因此不選用 as long as。 2. reminded me of my own childhood 解析:一般說來,“讓某人做某事”是祈使句,多用 make sb. do/ let sb. do 的句型。但題中情況較特殊。按英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣,使某人想起某事要用 remind sb. of 。如: The film reminded him of what he had seen in China.(這部影片使他回想起在中國(guó)所看到的一切。) This reminded her of college days.(這使她回想起了大學(xué)里的日子。) remember 指“記住、牢記”,與 remind? of 有區(qū)別。 3. they have modernized their factories 解析:本題考查 that 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。 The fact 是先行詞,指代后半句整個(gè)內(nèi)容,“他們已使工廠現(xiàn)代化”是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充。 4. the whole project is doomed to failure/fail 解析: that從句作主語(yǔ)通常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ),而將 that從句置于句末。如: It is a pity that you should have to leave.(你非走不可真是件憾事。)另外,“注定??”是一個(gè)固定搭配, be doomed to 通常后接名詞或不定式,如: The prisoner was doomed to death.(囚犯被判處死刑。) His dogmatism is doomed to put him into isolation.(他的獨(dú)斷專行注定使他陷入孤立。) 5. are controlled by this switch 解析:本題翻譯并不難,但考查了 “ by+執(zhí)行者”在句中的用法。我們知道,“ by+執(zhí)行者”結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng),通常在句中可以省略。但在以下幾種場(chǎng)合必須翻譯出來。第一,當(dāng)執(zhí)行者指藝術(shù)家、發(fā)明家、發(fā)現(xiàn)者、革新者等的專有名詞時(shí),如: The Last Dinner was painted by Da Vinci.(《最后的晚餐》是達(dá)?芬奇畫的)。第二,當(dāng)執(zhí)行者是非確定性名詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)。如: While the boy was walking on the road, he was robbed of his bread by an old man.(那個(gè)男孩在路 上行走時(shí),他的面包被一老人搶去。)本題所考查的正是第三種;當(dāng)執(zhí)行者是非生物性名詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)
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