【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 mand命令 intend想要，企圖 show 顯示 drive驅(qū)趕 mean意欲，打算 train訓(xùn)練 cause引起 instruct指示 require要求 deserve應(yīng)受 leave使，讓 tell告訴 direct指導(dǎo) like喜歡 tempt勸誘 entitle有資格 order命令 warn告誡 enable使能夠 need需要 urge激勵(lì)，力說 encourage鼓勵(lì) oblige不得不 want想要 condemn指責(zé)，譴責(zé) lead引起，使得 teach教 entreat懇求 permit允許 wish希望(2)有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語 【口訣記憶】考慮建議盼原諒，避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞 禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡acknowledge承認(rèn)，自認(rèn) cease 停止 mention說到，講到 admit 承認(rèn) tolerate忍受 dislike不喜歡，討厭 advocate：提倡，主張 plete完成 dread可怕 appreciate 感激，欣賞 confess坦白 endure忍受 avoid避免 contemplate細(xì)想 enjoy享有，喜愛 bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒can39。t help不禁 delay延遲 escape逃跑，逃避 can39。t stand受不了 deny否認(rèn) excuse借口 consider 考慮 detest嫌惡 fancy幻想，愛好 favor 造成，偏愛 mind 介意 repent悔悟 figure描繪，計(jì)算 miss錯(cuò)過 resent怨恨finish完成，結(jié)束不得 pardon原諒，饒恕 resist抵抗，阻止 forgive原諒 permit 允許 resume恢復(fù) imagine設(shè)想 postpone延遲，延期 risk冒險(xiǎn)involve卷入，包含 practise 實(shí)行，實(shí)踐 suggest建議 hate討厭 prevent阻止 save營(yíng)救，儲(chǔ)蓄 keep保持 quit放棄停止 stand堅(jiān)持，忍受 loathe非常討厭，厭惡 recall回想I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years 。(3)有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的差別 【口訣記憶】 想起忘記常后悔1）forget to do 忘記要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）2）stop to do 停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事 3）remember to do 記住去做某事（未做）remember doing記得做過某事(已做)4)regret to do對(duì)要做的事遺憾 regret doing對(duì)做過的事遺憾、后悔 5）try to do努力、企圖做某事 try doing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法 6)mean to do打算，有意要? mean doing意味著7）go on to do 繼而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）proposing doing建議（做某事）9)like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具體行為；+doing sth 表示抽象、傾向概念（注)如果這些動(dòng)詞前有should一詞，其后賓語只跟不定式，不能跟動(dòng)名詞。例如： I should like to see him tomorrow．10)need, want, deserve +動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)意義；+不定式被動(dòng)態(tài)表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。Don39。t you remember seeing the man before?你不記得以前見過那個(gè)人嗎? You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要記著是明天動(dòng)身。I don39。t regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔給她講過我的想法。(已講過)I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice．我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒辦法。(未做但要做)You must try to be more careful．你可要多加小心。Let39。s try doing the work some other way．讓我們?cè)囈辉囉昧硗庖环N辦法來做這工作。I didn39。t mean to hurt your feeling．我沒想要傷害你的感情。This illness will mean(your)going to hospital．得了這種病(你)就要進(jìn)醫(yī)院。4．不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別(1）不定式作定語1)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是主謂關(guān)系He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一個(gè)離開教室的。The train to arrive was from London．將要到站的火車是從倫敦開來的。2)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 Get him something to eat．給他拿點(diǎn)兒東西吃。She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做。3)不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，這里的介詞不能省去。I need a pen to write with．我需要一支筆寫字。There is nothing to worry about．沒有什么值得發(fā)愁的。4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時(shí)間、機(jī)會(huì)、權(quán)利等抽象名詞如： ability能力，本領(lǐng) drive趕，駕駛 movement運(yùn)動(dòng)，活動(dòng) ambition抱負(fù)，野心 effort努力，嘗試 need需要，需求 campaign戰(zhàn)役，運(yùn)動(dòng) failure失敗，不及格 opportunity機(jī)會(huì) chance機(jī)會(huì) force力，壓力，要點(diǎn) promise許諾，希望 courage勇氣 intention意向，意圖 reason理由，原因 decision決定 method方法，方式 light光，光線，亮光determination決心，決定 motive動(dòng)機(jī)，目的 struggle奮斗，努力，tendency傾向，趨勢(shì) wish希望，愿望，祝愿5）被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或next，second, last, only和not a，the等限定詞時(shí)候，只能用不定式。6）不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語。John will do anything but work on a farm．除了農(nóng)活，約翰什么都愿意干。7）如果其動(dòng)詞要求用不定式做賓語，或者其形容詞要求不定式做補(bǔ)語，則相應(yīng)的名詞一般用不定式做定語。如： tend to dotendency to do；decide to do = decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to do His wish to buy a car came true．他要買輛車的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us． 他們放棄這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的決定使我們大吃一驚。He is always the first to e and the last to leave． 他總是第一個(gè)到來，最后一個(gè)離去。(2)分詞作定語分詞作定語時(shí)有下面幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過去分詞一般表示被動(dòng)含意。2)現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或做完(完成)的事。He rushed into the burning house．他沖進(jìn)了正在燃燒著的房子。The child standing over there is my brother．站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房間是我們的教室。Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那個(gè)修好的表了嗎? He is an advanced teacher．他是個(gè)先進(jìn)教師。3）下列不及物動(dòng)詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語，但不具有被動(dòng)意義，這點(diǎn)要注意： departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frownup, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, muchtraveled, newlyarrived, recentlye(3)不定式和分詞作定語時(shí)的時(shí)間關(guān)系 一般來說，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后；現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。例如：Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要見那位將從北京請(qǐng)來的醫(yī)生嗎？Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office? 你要見那位正在辦公室里寫病歷的醫(yī)生嗎？ 5．不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別（1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別。現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系的區(qū)別。1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。He went out shutting the door behind 。Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for ，他去找父母幫忙。2）過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown ，它們本來會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。Faced with difficulties, we must try to overe ，我們必須設(shè)法克服。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別1)分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨，而不定式常常表示目的。They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他們站在路邊談?wù)撝@個(gè)計(jì)劃。(伴隨)They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他們站在路邊為的是談?wù)撨@個(gè)計(jì)劃。(目的)2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭，除表示原因之外有時(shí)表示時(shí)間或條件。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語時(shí)，除了表示目的以外，還表示結(jié)果或原因。Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在專心讀書，他忘了吃午飯的時(shí)間。(原因)Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔細(xì)讀書時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。(時(shí)間)Reading carefully，you39。ll learn something new．只要你仔細(xì)閱讀，你會(huì)學(xué)到一些新的東西。(條件)His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太窮，不能維持他的生活。(結(jié)果)The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．這男孩個(gè)子不夠高，手伸不到書架。(結(jié)果)We are glad to hear the news．我們很高興聽到這消息。(原因)（3）下面一些句型是不定式做狀語時(shí)候應(yīng)該注意的：a：not/never too?to, too?not to , but/only too? to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義b：做結(jié)果狀語的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，常見的不定式動(dòng)詞有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。c：不定式做狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語一般為句子的主語，否則用for引導(dǎo)主語。6．非謂語動(dòng)詞?？嫉钠渌Y(jié)構(gòu)（1)疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以用作主語、賓語、表語和雙重賓語。如：When to start has not been decided．何時(shí)動(dòng)身尚未決定。(主語)I don39。t know what to do．我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語)The difficulty was how to cross the river．困難在于如何過河。(表語)I can tell you where to get this 。（雙重賓語）注），如：I have no idea of how to do 。 后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語，只能跟疑問詞（如：how, what）+不定式： While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.(2)介詞except和but作“只有?，只能?”講時(shí)跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)（but與不帶to的不定式 連用）。When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.(3)不帶to的不定式1）在表示生