【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 （二）細節(jié)題細節(jié)事實題題干常見的問句形式1)True or NOT true 是非判斷類型Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? Which of the following statements is NOT true? Which of the following is NOT considered as……? According to the passage，which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons for……? 2)特殊疑問詞提問類型How many……?What/who/when/where/how/why……?3)排序題類型Which of the orders is correct according to the passage?4)例證題類型The author gives the example in……paragraph in order to ……5)表唯一細節(jié)概念題類型：……the most / ~est …………the only ……細節(jié)事實題的解題方法：做這類題的一般方法是先要找出題干或是選項中的關(guān)鍵字，一般為數(shù)字、大寫或人名地名，再通過scanning快速確定該細節(jié)在文中的出處(信息源)，仔細對照題干要求，排除或選擇。命題者在出這類題時慣用“偷梁換柱、張冠李戴”的手法來迷惑考生，即對原句細微處做改動，截取原文詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)進行改造，因果倒置，把A的觀點說成B的觀點等。所以正確理解題干和信息句的意義是關(guān)鍵。細節(jié)事實題還要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定語、狀語、補語等，這些成分都是出題者常進行誤導的落腳點。是非判斷一般都遵循對照選項進行“三對一錯或三錯一對”的判斷。若該信息句是長句或難句，要學會找出其主干部分，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，正確理解信息句的意義。一定要注意的是，要所答是所問，不要受到慣勢思維的影響，習慣性地去選擇正確的細節(jié)事實，切記要弄清問題，不要所答非所問。例證題一定要注意以for example……，such as……等關(guān)鍵入手處，找出細節(jié)出處。排序題要先仔細觀察選項，找出首尾相同的選項分組，進而通過具體細節(jié)信息比較進行排除和選擇。唯一細節(jié)題一定要仔細審題，弄清題干所需。特別需要提醒的是，選項中出現(xiàn)有most(最高級)、the only(唯一)、all(所有)、none(全否)修飾的細節(jié)，都具有絕對性，選擇判斷時要慎選。（三）推斷題此類題的關(guān)鍵是要注意原文出現(xiàn)的語句不是我們做出的推理判斷，而是原文給出的細節(jié)信息，所以原文語句不能選。判斷時對已知的事實仔細評價后做出的合理決定并非唯一決定，要對事實進行合乎情理的判斷，有時還需借助常識進行判斷。推理判斷題分兩種，即對細節(jié)的推理和對主旨的推理。主要以We can infer / imply / learn from this passage that ……等進行提問。解決此類題要注意，一是與原文相同的細節(jié)不能選，二是文中沒有出現(xiàn)的細節(jié)不能跳出文章做推斷。解題過程中只要注意上述兩點，再結(jié)合做細節(jié)和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判斷題。（四）猜測詞義題猜測詞義題主要考查學生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下，推斷詞義的題目中所出現(xiàn)的單詞，大多數(shù)是學生未曾見過的生詞，學生需要在該詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中去尋找線索。通過閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然后將這個釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切，仔細比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。通過因果關(guān)系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：You shouldn39。t have blamed him for that，for it wasn39。t his (那不是他的錯)，可猜出blame的詞義是”責備“。通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happy and gay，即使我們不認識gay這個詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of (金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬于”行星“這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等；二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his at all...handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。在閱讀文章時，我們總會遇上一些新詞匯，有時很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語法知識，這些問題便不難解決了。例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long there is a dry period，or ，于是便有一段干旱的時期，即drought，由此可見drought意思為”久旱“，”旱災“。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折號等來表示。例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm ，我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同類關(guān)系，同屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水果，準確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South is fat and walks in a funny it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the 。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性。AWith miles of beaches，sea and sunshine，Pattaya(芭堤雅)is one of the most popular places for visitors to Thailand．It provides many kinds of entertainment for both young people and the whole family．There is always something to do，any time，any weather，any day or night．Orchid(蘭化)Farms are a worthwhile visit and if you are thinking of taking some of these beautiful plants home，visit a day or two before you leave to make sure that you will have live plants when you get back．You can also get great orchids in a sealed(密封)bottle that will last as long as your memory．Pattaya Elephant Village is another place that you can not miss in Pattaya．It is a good place to learn and understand how elephants have been linked into Thai life and history over the centuries．You can also take an elephant trek there．Show time allows the elephants to display their skills，such as playing football．You can also feed a tiger at the Sriracha Tiger Zoo(斯里拉差龍虎園)．There you will learn more about tigers．You can take photos with them．You can also enjoy elephant and crocodile shows at the zoo．根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。()1．What is Pattaya famous for in Thailand?A．Beaches．B．Sea．C．Sunshine．D．All of the above．()2．Whenever you go to Pattaya，it can provide many kinds of entertainment for ________．A．both young people and the whole familyB．both old people and the whole familyC．both young people and kidsD．both parents and kids()3．Where can you get beautiful orchids in Thailand?A．Beaches．B．Pattaya Elephant Village．C．Orchid Farms．D．The Sriracha Tiger Zoo．()4．Which animal do you see at the Sriracha Tiger Zoo?A．Foxes． B．Elephants． C．Lions． D．Monkeys．()5．The passage mainly tells us ________．A．Pattaya is one of the most popular places for visitors to ThailandB．you must buy some beautiful orchids in ThailandC．Pattaya Elephant Village is the only place that you can not miss in Pattaya D．if you visit Thailand，you must visit the Sriracha Tiger ZooBWhen my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and of the rules is that young people should always respect(尊敬), this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United had a parttime job as a waiter in a Chinese time, when I was serving food to a middleaged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the soon as I said that, her face showed great manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive(敏感)Americans are and how they dislike the description “old”.I then walked back to the table and apologized to the the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer my village in China, people are proud of being so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich , in the United States, people think “grow