4食品的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估(編輯修改稿)
2025-03-26 05:20 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 protective and / or Population less susceptible MRA 36 Hazard characterization curve of Listeria monocytogenes李斯特菌的危害特征曲線 01234562 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10L . m . d o s e r e s p o n s eLog No of cases per 100,000 Log No of ingested ., all servings contaminated worst case scenario Buchanan . 1997 MRA 37 ? availability and use of epidemiological data 流行病學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)的有效性和實(shí)用價(jià)值 ? use of animal models and data 動(dòng)物模型和數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)用價(jià)值 ? use of human feeding trials data 人體實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)用價(jià)值 Issues in Hazard Characterisation 危害特征中的問(wèn)題 MRA 38 ? pathogen virulence data 病菌的毒性數(shù)據(jù) ? pathogenfood matrix knowledge 有關(guān)食品病菌的交叉知識(shí) ? data concerning susceptibility of consumers 有關(guān)消費(fèi)者敏感度的數(shù)據(jù) ? and more ... Issues in Hazard Characterisation 危害特征中的問(wèn)題 MRA 39 Exposure Assessment 暴露量評(píng)估 The estimation of the prevalence of a hazard and / or certain levels of a hazard in a certain food by the population or part of the population at the moment of consumption 評(píng)價(jià)某些人在消費(fèi)某些食物時(shí)的危害及其程度 Purpose目的 MRA 40 Pathogen / Product / Pathway analysis 病菌 /產(chǎn)品 /分析路徑 Determination and quantification of : 檢測(cè)與量化 ? prevalence in raw materials 在原料中的存在情況 ? survival during processing 加工過(guò)程的殘留 ? Recontamination 再次污染 MRA 41 Pathogen / Product / Pathway analysis 病菌 /產(chǎn)品 /分析路徑 ? Growth 繁殖 ? survival during preparation 準(zhǔn)備過(guò)程的殘留 ? contamination and growth prior to consumption 消費(fèi)前的污染和繁殖 The data are used in mathematical models 這些數(shù)據(jù)將用于數(shù)學(xué)模型 MRA 42 Exposure Assessment example 暴露評(píng)估例子 ?Hypothetical production process ?假定的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程 ? Frequency of contamination 污染的頻率 ? Level of contamination 污染的水平 ? Factory:工廠 ? Mixing混合 ? Pasteurisation巴氏殺菌 ? cool/freeze冷卻 /冷凍 ? Packing包裝 ? Distribution輸送 ? time/temperature時(shí)間 /溫度 ? Use of product食用產(chǎn)品 ? child / healthy adult小孩 /健康成人 ? portion size消費(fèi)量 ? consumption frequency消費(fèi)頻率 MRA 43 Issues in Exposure Assessment 暴露評(píng)估中的問(wèn)題 ? Consumer use and dietary intakes often not well known 消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)和每日消費(fèi)量是未知的 ? Data are scarce ( nonexistent ) for certain food categories / outlets ( . retail, catering, street vending, small kitchens ) or for new food categories / markets 有關(guān)食品分類 /銷售（包括零售、公共飲食業(yè)、街道攤販、小廚房）或新食品 /市場(chǎng)方面的數(shù)據(jù)非常缺乏 MRA 44 Issues in Exposure Assessment 暴露評(píng)估中的問(wèn)題 ? Normal levels of hazards at the moment of consumption for foods that are not sold as readytoeat are hardly known. Some data have been collected as a result of an outbreak, this is not a normal situation 無(wú)法知道非即食食品銷售后的食用時(shí)的危害水平，只有在爆發(fā)食源性疾病后，才能收集到的數(shù)據(jù)，這時(shí)已經(jīng)不能正確反應(yīng)常規(guī)狀況。 MRA 45 Issues in Exposure Assessment 暴露評(píng)估中的問(wèn)題 ?Available data and models on inactivation and / or growth of pathogens do not apply across the whole food chain up to the point of consumption 有關(guān)失活的或生長(zhǎng)的病菌的可用數(shù)據(jù)和模型不能代表整個(gè)食品鏈（最終到食用） MRA 46 Issues in Exposure Assessment 暴露評(píng)估中的問(wèn)題 ? Recontamination after production or preparation often not considered 經(jīng)常不考慮生產(chǎn)和制備過(guò)程中的再污染 ? Uncertainty and variability in data and models are often not transparent 不能明確數(shù)據(jù)和模型的不確定性和
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