4食品的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估-閱讀頁
2025-03-18 05:20本頁面
【正文】 ce on the risk estimate 當(dāng)確定了病菌 /產(chǎn)品模型后，敏感性分析可測定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)估計(jì)中最有影響的因子 This may be helpful for Risk Managers to select control measures with the best cost benefit ratio 可以幫助風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理人員選擇最經(jīng)濟(jì)、有效的控制措施 MRA 58 ?Use of worst case scenarios 使用最壞案例的方案 ?(biological) variability and attendant uncertainties are often not considered or expressed 經(jīng)常不考慮或不表示生物可變性和伴隨物的不確定性 ?Validation of the models 模型的確認(rèn) Issues in Microbiological Risk Characterisation 微生物風(fēng)險(xiǎn)特征中的問題 MRA 59 Summary 總結(jié) ? MRA is a useful tool in Risk Management MRA是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理中的一種有用工具 ? MRA makes the product / pathogen / pathway transparent MRA明確了產(chǎn)品 /病菌路徑 ? Models can be used to simulate reality, when real data are not available 在沒有可用的真實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，模型可用于模仿真實(shí)情況 MRA 60 Summary 總結(jié) ?Risk estimates expressed without attendant uncertainties should be interpreted with care 沒有表明伴隨物不確定性的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)估計(jì)應(yīng)該解釋了案例 ? MRA is still in its infancy, to conduct MRA needs a considerable amount of expertise MRA剛剛起步 ，需要大量專家的支持 MRA 61 MRA or HACCP ? Food manufacturing industries control hazards in food products, not their risks, they may perform a safety assessment 食品制造業(yè)控制食品危害，而不是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，只能選擇安全評估 MRA according to Codex is a governmental activity 制定 MRA的法規(guī)是政府行為 MRA 62 Confusion in terminology 術(shù)語上的混淆 Hazard identification in HACCP and in RA is not the same HACCP 和 RA中的危害定義不是同一概念 MRA 63 In HACCP it is determining which agents may be present in the raw materials, line and lineenvironment , in order to establish how and where they need to be controlled to prevent an unacceptable risk ( Hazard Analysis ) 在 HACCP中，危害定義指測定可能存在于原料、加工及其環(huán)境中存在的試劑，是為了建立如何控制及在何處進(jìn)行控制，以防止不可接受的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（危害分析） In RA it is determining for which agent the RA is to be performed 在 RA中危害定義指對何種試劑進(jìn)行微生物估計(jì) MRA 64 Control measures 控制措施 ? Significant hazards need to be controlled 明顯的危害需要控制 ? Insufficiently controlled hazards may pose a risk 不有效控制危害可能會導(dǎo)致風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ? Residual hazards ( remaining after HACCP implementation ) should not pose an unacceptable risk 殘留危害（ HACCP實(shí)施后仍保留著）不應(yīng)該含不可接受性風(fēng)險(xiǎn) MRA MRA 65 MRA and HACCP HACCP is the tool to control hazards ,the risk of the residual hazard could in theory be estimated using Codex MRA techniques , but in practice a meaningful exposure assessment would require an unrealistic amount of product analysis HACCP是控制危害的一種工具，從理論上講，“殘留危害”的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可以用 MRA法典技術(shù)計(jì)算得到，在實(shí)際操作中，進(jìn)行有意義的暴露評估需要極其大量的產(chǎn)品分析，這很難操作 MRA 66 HACCP // MRA Control of hazards危害控制 Product and production line specific 產(chǎn)品和明確生產(chǎn)線的產(chǎn)品 Industry?s responsibility工廠職責(zé) Residual risk accepted可接受的殘留風(fēng)險(xiǎn) Applicable by all in the food chain可用于整個(gè)食品生產(chǎn)鏈 Industry liable工廠義務(wù) Estimation of risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)估計(jì) Productrange and sector specific產(chǎn)品范圍和部分產(chǎn)品 Governmental activity政府行為 No value judgement沒有價(jià)值評價(jià) Applicable by experts only只對專家有用 Risk assessors not liable風(fēng)險(xiǎn)估計(jì)員沒有義務(wù) MRA 67 應(yīng)用實(shí)例 冷凍畜禽食品中單增李斯特菌的定量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估 MRA 68 MRA 69 演講完畢，謝謝觀看！
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