【文章內容簡介】 d not read the text.( 省從屬連接詞)他沒有看到總統(tǒng)講話的文本，不愿加以發(fā)揮。六、練習（第四章增詞法與減詞法）1. I knew it quite well as I know it now.我當時就知道的同現(xiàn)在一樣清楚。（語法增加）2. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下來就講開了，滔滔不絕地講個沒完。（增加副詞）3. This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.這部打字機真是價廉物美。（形容詞前增加名詞）4. Every measure has been taken to reduce the tension of the market.已經采取了各種措施來緩和市場緊張情況。（抽象名詞后增加名詞）某些由動詞或者形容詞派生出來的抽象名詞， 翻譯時可以根據(jù)上下文在其后增加適當?shù)拿~。to persuade 說服 persuasion說服工作 to prepare準備 preparation準備工作backward 落后 backwardness 落后狀態(tài) tense 緊張 tension緊張局勢/關系/心情/情況arrogant 自滿 arrogance自滿情緒 mad 瘋狂 madness瘋狂行為 Americans and the Japanese conducted a pletely secret exchange of messages.美日雙方在完全保密的情況下相互交換了信件。（解釋性增加）6. There were rows of houses which he had never seen before.一排排的房屋，都是他從來沒有見過的。第五章 英漢翻譯中的重復翻譯法Teaching Objectives (教學目的):1. To make students understand the importance of repeating some words in translation2. To help students use the repeating method correctly.3. To require the students to know the character of repeating in’ translation.Teaching Requirements(教學要求):1. Students are able to get a clear picture of the text .2. Students are required to master the new words and phrases in this part.3. Students should read some reading materials and do exercises after class .Teaching methodology(教學方法):④ Communicative method (交際法)⑤ Cognitive method(認知法):⑥ Functional and notional method(功能意念法)⑦ The grammartranslation method Time Distributive(時間分配)1. Preparation and analyses of the text (2 hours)⑧ Analyses of the text A and exercises (1 hours)Focuses in teaching (教學難點)1. The repeat of words and phrases in translationTeaching Procedures (教學過程)一、重復法實際上也是一種增詞法，只不過所增加的詞是上文剛剛出現(xiàn)過的詞，目的是為了明確、強調或生動，將一些關鍵詞加以重復。例如：1）The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution. （重復謂語）中國人民歷來是勇于探索、勇于創(chuàng)造、勇于革命的。2）Our policy must be made known not only to the leaders and to the cadres but also to the broad masses.（重復動詞）我們的政策，不光要使領導者知道，干部知道，還要使廣大群眾知道。3）Happy families also had their own troubles.( 重復物主代詞詞 their )幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦惱。4）He was proficient (精通的, 熟練的)both as a flyer and as a navigator.( 重復形容詞proficient)他既精于飛行，又善于導航。5） In China, they “made mistakes”, suffered by them, acknowledged and studied them, thus planned victory.（重復代詞）在中國，他們“犯過錯誤”，吃過錯誤的虧，承認錯誤，研究錯誤，從而制定了勝利的方針。6) Some play soccer and others played basketball.（英語原文中沒有重復，漢譯時采用一種在內容上而不是形式上的重復的手段。）踢足球的，踢足球去了，打籃球的，打籃球去了。（或者：有的踢足球去了，有的打籃球去了。）7) He wanted to send them more aid, more weapons and a few more men.（原文中動詞send沒有重復，譯文中用“增加、增添、增派”三個不同形式重復同一個內容。）他想給他們增加些援助，增添些武器、增派些人員。8) The President announced, with obvious relish, that the planes took off from “Shangrila ”, the fictional, remote retreat in the Himalayas.( 重復同位語Shangrila)這位總統(tǒng)洋洋得意地宣稱，這批飛機是從“香格里拉”起飛的，而“香格里拉”是個虛構的喜馬拉雅山中的世外桃園。9) Long, long time ago there lived in England a wise and good king whose name was Alfred.很久很久以前，英國有個名叫艾爾弗雷德的英明國王。（重復為了加強語氣。）10) What we want, first and foremost, is to learn, to learn and learn. 我們首先需要的是：學習，學習，再學習。（重復為了加強語氣。）11) Courage in excess bees hoolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. 勇之過度則為蠻，愛之過度則為寵， 儉之過度則為貪。（原文affection 和thrift省略了定語in excess和謂語bees，漢譯時補上。） he hardly expected the Germans to recover sufficiently to launch the stunning surprise that burst on thewestern Front as Christmas approached that winter.可是他萬萬沒有料到，在那年冬天圣誕節(jié)來到之前，德軍竟能重整旗鼓，恢復元氣，發(fā)動一次令人震驚的奇襲，猛撲西線。to recover sufficiently 意為“充分地恢復”，此處譯為“重整旗鼓，恢復元氣”其實也是一種重復譯法，只不過不是重復某種詞，而是利用漢語的四字結構重復原文中某一詞意，使譯文達到了生動有力的效果。二、練習（第五章重復/增詞法）1. I knew it quite well as I know it now. 我當時就知道的同現(xiàn)在一樣清楚。 (語法增加)2. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下來就講開了，滔滔不絕地講個沒完。（增加副詞）3. This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine. 這部打字機真是價廉物美。（形容詞前增加名詞） Americans and the Japanese conducted a pletely secret exchange of messages.美日雙方在完全保密的情況下相互交換了信件。（解釋性增加）5There were rows of houses which he had never seen before.一排排的房屋，都是他從來沒有見過的。6. The lion is the king of . catching up with and surpassing the world’s advanced levels, time is the key factor. Time means life, time means speed, time means strength.趕超世界先進水平， 關鍵是時間。時間就是生命，時間就是速度，時間就是力量。8. We must actively introduce new techniques, equipment, technologies and material.我們必須積極采用新技術，新設備、新工藝、新材料。第六章 英語翻譯中的詞類轉換法Teaching Objectives (教學目的):1. To make students understand the transformation of parts of speech in translation2. To require the students to know the character of parts of speech in translationTeaching Requirements(教學要求):⑨ Students are able to get a clear picture of the text .⑩ Students are required to master the new words and phrases in this part.? Students should read some reading materials and do exercises after class .Teaching methodology(教學方法):? Communicative method (交際法)? Cognitive method(認知法):? Functional and notional method(功能意念法)? The grammartranslation method Time Distributive(時間分配)1. Preparation and analyses of the text (2 hours)? Analyses of the text A and exercises (1 hours)Focuses in teaching (教學難點) method of transforming parts of speech.Teaching Procedures (教學過程)英漢兩種語言的使用范圍和表達方式不盡相同，翻譯時有些句子可以逐詞（wordforword）對譯，如：She is a beautiful girl.“她是個漂亮姑娘?！贝俗g文中的詞性基本上與英語相當。但在大多數(shù)情況下，翻譯句子時不能逐漸詞對譯，如：He is a liar. 就不能直譯為“他是個說謊的人，”因為漢語習慣不這樣說，可譯為“他愛說謊。”這樣，漢語各詞的詞性與英語就不對應了。又如：He took his students to the factory for a visit. “他帶學生到工廠去參觀?！?原文中只有一個動詞took，譯成漢語后卻出現(xiàn)了4個動詞?？梢娫诜g中，有時要把原文的一種詞轉換成譯入語的另一種詞類。隨著詞類的變化，句子的結構也產生了變化。一、轉譯成漢語動詞在英譯漢時，英語中的許多意思都可以用漢語的動詞來表達。例如：1）We mustn’t lose sight of the fact that air pollution is going from bad to worse in our city.(名詞轉譯成漢語動詞)我們不能忽略這一事實，空氣污染在我們城市中日益嚴重。 （具備動詞概念的名詞）2）The airline has been in operation for many years.（名詞轉譯成漢語動詞）這家航空公司已經營多年。3）Do you see the boy in blue? (介詞轉譯成漢語動詞)你看見那位穿藍衣服的男孩子嗎？4）We were all in favor of his suggestion. （介詞轉譯成漢語動詞）我們全體贊成他