【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ence has limited amount of mental energy to: –recognize words and interpret ideas –determine relationships between ideas –prehend significance of ideas ?Structure allows prehension with least amount of mental effort –increases audience’s ability to grasp quickly ideas’ significance Structuring ideas focuses the audience’s mental energy on the most important activity: prehending the significance of what you have to say. Source: Barbara Minto, The Pyramid Principle (London: Pitman Publishing,London, 1987) Clarity in Message Development: Benefits of Structure bc Copyright169。 1998 Bain amp。 Company, Inc. Communication Basics 23 municationbasics ?Build on AnswerFirst workplanning anization –pyramid structure used to anize analysis and work process logically ?Apply same approach to structuring munication –leverages logic structure from analysis phase ? saves time ? increases clarity ? promotes understanding and retention ? reduces length of munication Adapt AnswerFirst workplanning to structuring your munication. Source: Bain Presentation Skills Workshop AnswerFirst Structure bc Copyright169。 1998 Bain amp。 Company, Inc. Communication Basics 24 municationbasics AnswerFirst sequences ideas in a logical, topdown order. Source: Barbara Minto, The Pyramid Principle (London: Pitman Publishing,London, 1987) Situation Complication Question Answer Key Assertion 1 Key Assertion 2 Key Assertion3 Supporting Assertion Supporting Assertion Evidence Evidence AnswerFirst bc Copyright169。 1998 Bain amp。 Company, Inc. Communication Basics 25 municationbasics The AnswerFirst structure uses logic to promote clarity, understanding, and retention. The storyline uses words to make your munication pelling. Source: Barbara Minto, The Pyramid Principle (London: Pitman Publishing,London, 1987) ?In structuring your message, you have determined overall content –what points to make –when to make them ?In developing the storyline, you must translate the structure content into specific words that engage the audience –what to say about each point –how you will say it Clarity in Message Development: Telling the Story bc Copyright169。 1998 Bain amp。 Company, Inc. Communication Basics 26 municationbasics Add information and meaning to each assertion, key point and supporting point. Source: Bain Presentation Skills Workshop ?Build each point so that it informs and has impact –set it up ? provide context ? define new terms, concepts –convey it ? explain the point –prove it ? discuss your evidence and analysis –connect it ? explain the impact on the audience ? connect to the bigger picture ?Don’t leave out anything that is necessary ?Don’t include anything that is not necessary Clarity in Message Development: Building the Story bc Copyright169。 1998 Bain amp。 Company, Inc. Communication Basics 27 municationbasics ?Build transitions –clearly indicate transition points –explain relationship between ideas ? between key points ? between sections –describe focus of new idea or section ?Tailor for audience –consider where they will need more or less information –review and revise for audience munication needs –review and revise for clarity and precision Source: Bain Presentation Skills Workshop Use language that helps the audience follow your logic and hear what you intend to say. Strengthening the Story bc Copyright169。 1998 Bain amp。 Company, Inc. Communication Basics 28 municationbasics ?Use the data as evidence for the insight, not as an end in itself –data: “Sales figures for the last three years are $7M, $6M, and $ M” –insight and meaning: “Sales have fallen steadily, and our place in the market is precarious” ?Use facts, avoid speculative assumptions ?List sources to increase credibility ?Be precise – people equate specificity with certainty ? use “7, 242 new widgets” ? avoid “l(fā)arge supply of new product” Frame evidence to make your munication engaging and convincing rather than dry and boring. Source: Bain Presentation Skills Workshop Using Evidence bc Copyright169。 1998 Bain amp。 Company, Inc. Communication Basics 29 municationbasics ?Use your audience analysis to assess your message from their viewpoint ? impact of the message on the audience ? audience’s munication style ?Help your audience understand and retain what you say –provide “memory images” that summarize information presented ? use examples, analogies, parisons and images –avoid jargon Once you have fully developed your message, review it from your audience’s point of view. Source: Terry Pearce, Leading Out Loud (1986, Jossey Bass, San Francisco) Connection in Message Development: Tailor to Audience Needs bc Copyright169。 1998 Bain amp。 Company, Inc. Communication Basics 30 municationbasics ?When draft is finished, get feedback and revise –ask for input from people who ? know your objective and topic ? know your audience ? will provide honest feedback –ask them to identify where you can ? be more concise ? have more impact ? better focus on audience needs ? include anything you have missed For important munications, don’t rely on your own perceptions. Get feedback on your draft and revise. Source: Bain Presentation Skills Workshops Clarity in Message Development: Get Feedback and Revise bc Copyright169。 1998 Bain amp。 Company, Inc. Communication Basics 31 municationbasics ?Objectives of munication ?Planning your message ?Developing your message ?Delivering your message: speaking ?Delivering your message: writing ?Key takeaways ?Additional resources Agenda bc Copyright169。 1998 Bain amp。 Company, Inc. Communication Basics 32 municationbasics ?To ensure your audience understands you –encourage