【正文】 方。英國， ％，擁有比例最高的外包工作。在英國，第三方物流成為一種重要的選擇已經(jīng)很多年了， A major decision that an anization needs to make in its distribution and logistics function is whether to use a thirdparty service ,or whether to have pany owned distribution operation . Thirdparty distribution has been an important alternative in the UK for many years. 橫跨歐洲大陸和北美的大部分地區(qū)，對于第三方配送服務(wù)商的使用也有顯著增長。 但是，也有很多企業(yè)選擇內(nèi)部物流，而不是選擇第三方物流。物流時代 Era of logistics 第三方物流概述 Third Party Logistics Overview 內(nèi)部物流與第三方物流 InHouse Versus Third Party 案例分析與總結(jié) Case Study And Summary Once, Logistics from the military logistics, mainly for war materiel transport 曾經(jīng)，物流源于軍事后勤，主要用于戰(zhàn)爭物資的運輸 Later, with the economic development, the growing social demand for logistics. Therefore, thirdparty logistics came into being. 后來，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，社會對物流的需求越來越大。因此，第三方物流應(yīng)運而生了。那么，具體的原因是什么呢？ However, there are a lot of panies have chosen to internal logistics, rather than selecting a thirdparty logistics. Well, the specific reasons for what is it? InHouse Or TPL 二、第三方物流概述 Third Party Logistics Overview 第三方物流 Third Party Logistics 一個組織需要在其配送和物流功能上做出的一項重大決策是是否使用第三方的服務(wù)，或者是擁有企業(yè)自己的配送操作系統(tǒng)。歐洲的平均水平超過 25％。 Across most of continental Europe and also North America, the use of thirdparty distribution service providers has also now grown significantly. The Europe average is over 25 percent .The UK, at percent, has the highest proportion of contractedout operation. 內(nèi)部物流與第三方物流 InHouse versus Third Party 企業(yè)決定是否保留企業(yè)內(nèi)的配送操作，或者外包給第三方物流服務(wù)提供商有很多原因 There are many reasons why an anization decides whether to keep its distribution operation inhouse, or contract it out to a third party service provider. 以下是一些可以考慮的因素： The following are some of the factors that may be considered. 選擇第三方物流的原因 Reasons to choose a Third Party ●降低成本：訂立外包合同容易識別相關(guān)成本 To reduce costs: by contracting the operation out it is easier to identify associated costs ●集中企業(yè)內(nèi)部的核心競爭力的原因 The need to focus reasons on core petencies within the business ●缺乏倉儲設(shè)施 Lack of warehousing facilities ● 缺乏內(nèi)部專門知識的汽車業(yè)務(wù) Lack of internal expertise in vehicle operations ●優(yōu)化運輸過程中使用的波峰和波谷交易模式的無力 The inability to optimize transport use during peaks and troughs in trading patterns ●避免法律責(zé)任 Avoidance of legal responsibilities ●在交付產(chǎn)品時需要提供更多的靈活性來提高對客戶的服務(wù)水平。 To keep control of costs : not having to pay the third party a profit margin on top of the costs ●對客戶的分布保持直接的聯(lián)系 To keep a direct link in distribution with customers ●貿(mào)易物流，是建立在一個單一的交易或一系列個別交易之上的關(guān)系的物流。 Contract logistics, where a specifically defined relationship that is contractually oriented and dependent on the third party provider meeting the pany’s defined performance goals. 不同程度的外包 Varying Degrees of Outsourcing ●戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟，是指每一方有需求，而且另一方可以滿足，并且兩方為了互惠互利享有共同的價值觀，目標(biāo)和企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略的計劃持續(xù)的關(guān)系。范圍涵蓋了提供專用或獨家經(jīng)銷，所有的配送都是由第三方運營商，有時候可能只可用于在不規(guī)則的時間間隔內(nèi)的配送。 There are many advantages and disadvantages for deciding whether to use thirdparty distribution or keep it inhouse. 對一些而言需要客觀的評估，對于另外一些而言更多的是主觀評估，因為它們涉及到歷史實踐或者僅僅是個人喜好。然而，這么多在使用的系統(tǒng)中，他們并不總是兼容。下一節(jié)將從以下的角度來著眼于 IT的要求，分別是企業(yè)，第三方供應(yīng)商和外包問題。結(jié)果顯示，服務(wù)是最重要的因素。這反映了許多用戶所持續(xù)的關(guān)注的質(zhì)量，誠信（忠誠）和個人參與配送運作的能力是其成功的最重要的因素。 There are many reasons why an anization decides whether to keep its distribution operation inhouse, or contract it out to a third party service provider. 選擇第三方的原因 Reasons to Choose a Third Party 減少成本：通過外包業(yè)務(wù)，識別相關(guān)成本。 The need to focus resources on core petencies within the business. 缺乏倉儲設(shè)施。 Lack of internal expertise in vehicle operations. 無法優(yōu)化用在運輸上的波峰和波谷的交易模式。 Avoidance of legal responsibilities. 在交付產(chǎn)品時需要提供更多的靈活性來提高對客戶的服務(wù)水平。 Retain plete control over all areas of the business. 保持控制成本（不需要將成本之上的利潤支付給第三方）。 To keep a direct link in distribution with customers. 咨詢公司任專職體育顧問的 Peters, Lieb和 Randall 指出在最近一次調(diào)查中印證了企業(yè)為什么選擇外包配送操作的主要原因。Peters et al,1998) 表 29： 企業(yè)為什么選擇承包其的配送經(jīng)營的主要原因（來源 :PE咨詢1996。該策略的遵循取決于公司找到自己的位置 。阿斯達(dá)就是這樣一個公司 ,由于其優(yōu)越的供應(yīng)渠道 ,所以有這些特點。 Fo