【正文】
ada綜 合征建議診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。受體阻滯劑導(dǎo)致的心 率過慢者 —永久人工心臟起搏器 左側(cè)心臟交感神經(jīng)(頸部)切除術(shù)對部 分患者有效,特別是有糖尿病或哮喘患者 Brugada綜合征 是由于編碼心肌離子通道 基因突變引起離子通道功能異常而導(dǎo)致的綜合 征。 包括 LQTS、 Brugada綜合征和兒茶酚胺依賴 性多形性室速( CPVT) WPW SCD的危險性分層的建議 建議類別 證據(jù)水平 房顫時短 RR間期 (< 250ms) IIa B 短旁道前傳有效不應(yīng)期 (< 270ms) IIa B 多旁道 IIa B 暈厥 III C 長 QT綜合征( LQTS) 是一種由 KVLQT HERG、 Mink、 SCN5A等多種基因異常,導(dǎo)致的以 QT 間期延長伴暈厥和猝死反復(fù)發(fā)作的臨床 綜合征候群。 (二)通道疾病 2023年 5月世界心臟病學(xué)大會( WCC)上 提出。年輕人的 SCD尸 檢發(fā)現(xiàn),約半數(shù)有心肌炎證據(jù)。 致心律失常性右室心肌?。?ARVC) 其特征為:病變主要累及右心室,突出 表現(xiàn)起源于右室的室性心律失?;蛴倚墓δ? 衰竭,為青少年猝死主要原因之一,治療較 棘手。成人仍 應(yīng)積極手術(shù)治療。 FIGURE 26–6. Survival during 3 years of followup after acute myocardial infarction as a function of left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction, EF) and ventricular arrhythmias (VPDs/hr as measured by Holter monitoring). The survival curves were calculated as KaplanMeier estimates. With higher PVC frequencies and lower ejection fractions, the mortality rates increase. The number of patients in groups A, B, C, and D were 536, 136, 80, and 37, respectively. (From Bigger JT: Relation between left ventricular dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 57:8B, 1986.) . Saunders Company items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Saunders Company. 一、冠心病和非冠心病的冠狀動脈結(jié)構(gòu)異常 ㈠冠心病是 SCD的最常見病因,西方國家 80% SCD為冠心病 2025%冠心病中, SCD為首次臨床表現(xiàn) SCD中 75%有 MI史 SCD的病因與有關(guān)因素 : 左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)( LVEF)< ,最有力的 預(yù)示 SCD的獨立因子。 LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy。117:151159. 美 國 ? 79萬 /年 ? 院外 2%幸存 ? 15%一年內(nèi)復(fù)發(fā) 英 國 先 兆 新增或加重癥狀 胸痛 心慌 氣短 乏力 發(fā) 作 臨床狀態(tài)突然變化 心律失常 低血壓 胸痛 氣短 頭暈 心臟停跳 突然發(fā)作 心臟停跳 循環(huán)衰竭 意識喪失 生物學(xué)死亡 復(fù)蘇失敗 電機械分離 中樞神經(jīng) 功能不恢復(fù) 天 月 立刻 1小時 分 周 心臟猝死 (SCD)的發(fā)病率 ? 西歐: 300,000 / 年 ;平均生還率 23% ; ? 全球 : 9,000,000 / 年;平均生還率小于 1%; ? 美國: 250,000350,000 / 年; ? 中國:心血管疾病致死 1,500,000 / 年; Relative Risk Factors FIGURE 26–4. Risk of sudden death by decile of multivariant risk: 26year followup, the Framingham Study. ECG = electrocardiographic。104:21582163) ? 515%能到醫(yī)院 , 120%幸存 ? 50%出院前 SCD發(fā)作 VT 62% Bradycardia 17% Torsades de Pointes 13% Primary VF 8% Adapted from Bay233。心臟性猝死 (SCD)的一級和二級預(yù)防 XX省心血管病研究所 各種心臟原因 急: 1小時內(nèi)死亡 不可預(yù)料的 自然的病理生理過程 非人為或外傷因素 心臟性猝死( SCD)定義: ? 心臟猝死是最常見、最兇險的死因 FIGURE 26–16. Influence of response time on survival from outofhospital cardiac arrest. A, The time from onset of cardiac arrest to initial defibrillation attempt is related to 1month survival, based on data from the Swedish Cardiac Arrest The cumulative survival rate was 5 percent, and the survival rate for victims whose initial rhythm was ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) was percent. The median response time was nearly 13 minutes. Thirtyday survival ranged from a maximum of 48 percent with responses of less than 2 minutes to less than 5 percent for response time greater than 15 minutes. B, The potential for faster response systems, based on the Amsterdam Resuscitation Study, is demonstrated, paring response times of police vehicles with those of conventional emergency medical systems. At the 50th percentile of response times, polices vehicles provided a nearly 5 minute improvement in arrival time (approximately 6 minutes).337 Preliminary data suggest that improved response times of this type translate to improved . Saunders Company items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Saunders Company. ? 4045萬 (Circulation 2023。s de Luna A. Am Heart J 1989。 I–V = intraventricular。 nonspec abn = nonspecific abnormality. (From Kannel WB, Shatzkin A: Sudden death: Lessons from subsets in population studies. Reprinted by permission of the American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 5[Suppl 6]:141B, 1985.) . Saunders Company items a