【正文】 ll of the peony garden for them. When it was Xiangyun’s turn to pose a verse amid a drinking game，she made fun of the service maids by saying， holding a duck head in hand， “This ya tou （referring to the duck head in hand） is not that ya tou （referring to the service maids around， as both are homophones in Chinese） ， for this ya tou has applied no hair oil….” Everybody roared with laughter. Some service maids protested， laughing， “You made fun of us， so you have to drink another cup. Let’s pour a full cup her….” As the party went on drinkers’ games continued with ceaseless laughter and people suddenly noticed that Xiangyun had disappeared. While they looked this way and that，a service maid rushed in laughing， “ Young ladies. Hurry to have a look at the Lady Xiangyun. She’s sleeping on the stone bench over there.” The group tiptoed over，and sure enough，saw Xiangyun sleeping soundly. Fallen flowers scattered on her body，her hair and her face. Her fan had dropped on the ground aside. Bees danced in the air around her. Under her head was a makeshift pillow of peony flowers wrapped with her handkerchief. Amid laughter service girls gently woke her up and helped hershe was still mumbling something drunkenlyget inside the room.第二節(jié) 翻譯的定義與性質(zhì) 四、課內(nèi)練習(xí) （一）將下列英文譯成中文：1. 海蒂讀過阿瑟的信后陷入了絕望之中。1892 年，他們?cè)诙砗ザ碇莸拇D開創(chuàng)了自己的自行車企業(yè)：萊特自行車公司。 萊特兄弟來自于美國中部。 1903 年 12 月 17 日，萊特兄弟第一次用比空氣重的飛行器進(jìn)行了有動(dòng)力的持續(xù)飛行。 萊特(Wilbur Wright)和奧維爾我們應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)真總結(jié)前人 的翻譯經(jīng)驗(yàn)，借鑒吸收前人從實(shí)踐中總結(jié)出的理論、方法，以便繼續(xù)提高我們的翻譯水平， 為中外文化交流做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。 4. 圣經(jīng)的翻譯成為了西方翻譯研究的重要源頭之一。 3. 20 世紀(jì)初的“五四”新文化運(yùn)動(dòng)，開創(chuàng)了白話文學(xué)和白話翻譯的新紀(jì)元，語言從文 言正宗轉(zhuǎn)為白話本位。第一章 翻譯概論 第一節(jié) 中外翻譯史簡介 四、課內(nèi)練習(xí) 1. 東漢至唐宋時(shí)期。 2. 玄奘不僅譯出了 75 部佛經(jīng)，而且還把老子的部分著作譯成梵文，成為第一個(gè)向國外 介紹漢語著作的中國人。五四運(yùn)動(dòng)前后，東西方各國的優(yōu)秀文學(xué)作品，特別是俄國和蘇聯(lián)的作 品開始被介紹進(jìn)來， 《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》等一批馬克思主義著作的譯文就發(fā)表在“五四”時(shí)期， 為中國后來的革命做了充分的理論和思想準(zhǔn)備。 5. 中外悠久的翻譯歷史已為我們積累了一份寶貴的文化遺產(chǎn)。五、課后練習(xí) （一）將下列段落譯成中文：一百年前的今天：一些海鷗；北卡羅來納州殺魔山海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)的三個(gè)隊(duì)員；救生站以及 一些本地人，見證了威爾帕 萊特(Orville Wright)兄弟的第一次 機(jī)動(dòng)飛機(jī)飛行。 1932 年， 90 英尺高的殺魔山頂立起了一座 60 英尺高的花崗巖紀(jì)念碑， 用以紀(jì)念這兩個(gè)來自 俄亥俄州代頓市的夢(mèng)想家。他們有著天空般廣闊的眼界，也有著十分務(wù)實(shí)的作風(fēng)。雖然在當(dāng)時(shí)世紀(jì)之 交的美國，有著數(shù)不清的自行車公司，但只有一個(gè)在造輪子的同時(shí)造出了翅膀。后來，她采取了一個(gè)不幸者常常采取的那種 快刀斬亂麻的行動(dòng)：嫁給了亞當(dāng)，從而陷進(jìn)了終身的痛苦，為的不過是跳出那一時(shí)的悲傷。 3. 一想起她一個(gè)人出去重新登上找工作的艱辛旅途，他頓覺萬念俱灰。舒適的冷空氣使他容光煥發(fā)，兩頰 通紅，兩眼閃光。(楊曉萍譯）（二）將下列中文譯成英文：1. An excellent, allround student with a congenial personality, she is a promising candidate for the exchange program. 2. How to make further use of scientific resources in college to better serve our economy is a key element in the reform of institutions of higher education. 3. The surface of the pool quivered as the swallow skimmed over it. 4. The man seemed quite at ease, but his rolling eyes gave him away/ betray him. 5. Ignorant as I am, I know not to promote a person for what he says not to undervalue what is said because of the person who says it.五、課后練習(xí) （一）將下列段落譯成中文：隨著專業(yè)化程度的提高， 各門知識(shí)的邊界正在以前所未有的速度往里收縮。 現(xiàn)在一個(gè)科學(xué)家離開了他自己的專業(yè)就不會(huì)比一個(gè)傻子強(qiáng) 多少，正像一個(gè)文學(xué)家對(duì)科技方面的重大進(jìn)展幾乎一無所知一樣，都是現(xiàn)代才有的怪現(xiàn)象。 以前僅僅是由于對(duì)它們本身感興趣 而去從事的許多活動(dòng)，現(xiàn)在常常因感到?jīng)]有希望而被放棄了。 當(dāng)你能在客廳里欣賞到世界上最杰出的鋼琴家的演奏 時(shí)，你干嗎還要學(xué)鋼琴呢？（二） 將下列段落譯成英文：“Dwell on One or Two” Lin Qingxuan A friend of mind brought over a newly purchased set of paper, brush, inkstick and inkslab, and asked me to write something for the wall in the sitting room of his new house. I unfolded thepaper, ground the inkstick on the slab, and wrote out the words: “Dwell on one or two.” “What does this mean?” asked my friend. “You know the popular saying.” I replied, “Life means frustration eight or nine times out of ten.” Dedicating the eighty or ninety per cent of frustration, you still have ten or twenty per cent of success, happiness or gratification. If you want to enjoy life, you should focus on the one or two times you are happy, be thankful and cherish them. Then you’ll never be overwhelmed by the eight or nine times when you are unhappy.” Happily my friend left, carrying the scroll in his arms. (《中國翻譯》編輯部： 《 “韓素音青年翻譯獎(jiǎng)”競賽作品與評(píng)析：英漢對(duì)照》)第三節(jié) 翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與譯者的素養(yǎng) 四、課內(nèi)練習(xí) （一）將下列英文譯成中文：1. 也許只有傳統(tǒng)才能真正反映出人的性格和精神。 2. 如今作為世界文化遺產(chǎn)， 巨石陣及其周圍建筑依舊是 5000 到 3000 年前石器時(shí)代和 青銅時(shí)代偉大文明的有力見證者。 4. 在南達(dá)克塔州海拔 6000 英尺的黑山頂上聳立著華盛頓、林肯、杰斐遜和羅斯福思 維美國總統(tǒng)栩栩如生的塑像。（二）將下列中文譯成英文：1. Tourism has already bee one of the world’s most important industries, with high growth rate and net profits. 2. China’s tourism industry has grown in tandem with the economic explosion over the last two decades. 3. As the Chinese tourism market expands at a high speed, a good environment is being created to further drive its development. 4. With the acceleration of urbanization, man’s desire to return to nature grows with each passing day. 5. In those areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, you can not only enjoy the beautiful scenery but also learn about the local customs and traditional cultures.五、課后練習(xí) （一）將下列段落譯成中文：Tourism, a fast developing economic sector over the last two decades in all parts of the world, is now receiving increasing attention among the Chinese public．Many people have written to the press making suggestions for the promotion of tourism in China. It is believed that the development of tourism will help promote mutual understanding and friendship between the people of China and other countries, and facilitate exchanges in the field of culture, science andtechnology. Moreover, it will help accumulate funds for China’s great cause. Furthermore, the experience of other countries shows that tourism directly and indirectly helps promote the growth of，economic sectors such as munications, merce, service trades, light industry, arts and crafts industry and urban construction.（二） 將下列段落譯成英文但是要說生命的色彩在海德公園的假山假水之中十分悅目， 那么在一片真正的海濱才顯 得燦爛莊嚴(yán)。啊，多么難忘的天然圖畫！夕 陽漸漸西墜，晚霞變得斑斕多彩，不是墜落在大海，而是墜落在大地。天空也是低沉的。最晶瑩透明的是水沫閃閃發(fā)白的邊沿，它總是白色 的，原來在晚霞中染上了一抹金黃一抹品紅。其次，那 孩子也是晶瑩透明的，同樣披上了一身晚霞和生命的色彩。 2. 他模樣奇特，見了令人發(fā)笑；奇怪的是他并非毫無尊嚴(yán)可言。你聽不到驚雷，也看不到焰火， 新的歲月已悄然來臨。 ，見到了藍(lán)天、綠樹，于是又恢復(fù)了人的本性。然學(xué)者之中，有其一未必有其二。稍后 之古代天文家，多以耐心觀察著稱。至于中古世紀(jì)，有一人有一美者竟不可得。哥白尼用當(dāng)時(shí)已發(fā)明之儀器，仰視天體運(yùn)行，凡人目能察者，無不察及。 （許國璋譯，選自連淑能，連淑能. 英漢翻譯教程. 北京: 高等教育出版社. 2006： 161162）（二） 將下列段落譯成英文：Yet, we all know that supply of provisions and clothing i