【正文】 pply to Oxford, whatever their background. 　　牛津師生員工積極參與主動招生的活動，2001年這種活動有55項(xiàng)以上，包括走訪3,700所中學(xué)，以鼓勵優(yōu)秀學(xué)生報考牛津大學(xué)，而不管其背景如何。The petition for scholarships and grants is, however, extremely strong and there are usually strict requirements. Students should check carefully that they are eligible to apply for a particular scholarship before making an application as most of the schemes are restricted to certain nationalities and/or programs. 　然而，獎學(xué)金和助學(xué)金的競爭極其激烈，而且通常要求很嚴(yán)。The Rhodes scholarship program enables students from the United States, Canada, and many other nations to study at Oxford for a minimum of two years. The British government grants Marshall scholarships to citizens of the United States for study at Oxford and other universities that are located in Britain. 羅茲德獎學(xué)金面向美國、加拿大和很多其他國家的學(xué)生，為他們提供至少兩年的牛津?qū)W習(xí)費(fèi)用。最低文科或理科學(xué)位是優(yōu)等文學(xué)學(xué)士。學(xué)生選聽什么課程是根據(jù)自己的興趣和導(dǎo)師的建議而定的。s program of study, primarily through tutorials. Tutorials are weekly meetings of one or two students with their tutor. Students may see other tutors for specialized instruction. They may also attend lectures given by university teachers. Students choose which lectures to attend on the basis of their own special interests and on the advice of their tutors.　 牛津大學(xué)給每個學(xué)生指定一個導(dǎo)師，他主要通過輔導(dǎo)課監(jiān)督學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)。大學(xué)提供某些圖書館、實(shí)驗(yàn)室和其他設(shè)施，但教學(xué)和學(xué)生生活主要由各學(xué)院負(fù)責(zé)。部分管委會成員都稱為導(dǎo)師的學(xué)院教師，其余的是大學(xué)教授和講師。學(xué)院中，圣希爾達(dá)和薩默維爾學(xué)院只收女生，其他均為男女兼收。牛津大學(xué)有35個學(xué)院，還有5個由不同宗教團(tuán)體建立的私人學(xué)院。s and Somerville are for women, and the rest are for men and women. 　牛津大學(xué)有16,300多名學(xué)生（1999－2000），其中留學(xué)生占將近四分之一。它位于英格蘭的牛津，在倫敦西北約80公里處。s. It is located in Oxford, England, about 80 kilometers northwest of London.牛津大學(xué)是英國最古老的大學(xué)，也是世界最著名的高等學(xué)府。UNIT1Oxford University 牛津大學(xué)Oxford University is the oldest university in Britain and one of the world39。s most famous institutions of higher learning. Oxford University was established during the 110039。牛津大學(xué)始建于12世紀(jì)。The university has over 16,300 students (19992000), almost a quarter of these students are from overseas and more than 130 nationalities are represented. It consists of 35 colleges, plus five private halls established by various religious groups. Three of the five private halls are for men only. Of the colleges, St. Hilda39。他們來自130多個國家。5個私人學(xué)院中，有3個只招男生。At Oxford, each college is a corporate body distinct from the university and is governed by its own head and fellows. Most fellows are college instructors called tutors, and the rest are university professors and lecturers. Each college manages its own buildings and property, elects its own fellows, and selects and admits its own undergraduate students. The university provides some libraries, laboratories, and other facilities, but the colleges take primary responsibility for the teaching and wellbeing of their students.　　牛津的每個學(xué)院都是獨(dú)立于大學(xué)的實(shí)體，由該學(xué)院的院長和管委會成員負(fù)責(zé)管理。每個學(xué)院管理自己的房產(chǎn)和資產(chǎn)，遴選自己的管委會，選擇和招收自己的本科生。Each student at Oxford is assigned to a tutor, who supervises the student39。導(dǎo)師每周和1到2名學(xué)生見面一次，學(xué)生如需專業(yè)指導(dǎo)，還可以去約見其他的導(dǎo)師，也可選聽大學(xué)老師講授的課程。The university, not the individual colleges, grants degrees. The first degree in the arts or sciences is the Bachelor of Arts with honors. Oxford also grants higher degrees, diplomas, and certificates in a wide variety of subjects.　學(xué)位由大學(xué)授予，而不是各個學(xué)院。牛津還在其他眾多學(xué)科領(lǐng)域授予最高的學(xué)位，頒發(fā)文憑和證書。英國政府為在牛津和其他英國境內(nèi)的大學(xué)里求學(xué)的美國公民提供馬歇爾獎學(xué)金。學(xué)生們在申請某一項(xiàng)獎學(xué)金之前應(yīng)仔細(xì)核查是否有資格，因?yàn)槎鄶?shù)獎學(xué)金對學(xué)生國籍和（或）課程都有限制。The university has been named the UK39。該競賽旨在發(fā)現(xiàn)哪一所英國大學(xué)在最廣的領(lǐng)域內(nèi)取得了創(chuàng)新和進(jìn)取的最大成就。Oxford, Stanford and Yale Universities have recently bee partners in a joint 39。 venture, the Alliance for Lifelong Learning, which will provide online courses in the arts and sciences. 牛津、斯坦福和耶魯三所大學(xué)最近合作開發(fā)了 遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目終生學(xué)習(xí)聯(lián)盟，該項(xiàng)目將提供文科和理科的在線課程。In support of this aim the university will provide the facilities and support for its staff to pursue innovative research by responding to developments in the intellectual environment and society at large。s resources in its libraries, museums, and scientific collections, to equip its graduates to play their part at a national and international level. 　為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這個目標(biāo)，學(xué)校將針對知識環(huán)境和整個社會發(fā)展的需要，為員工提供進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新研究所需的設(shè)施和支持；提倡既富革新精神又嚴(yán)格認(rèn)真的教學(xué)，使教學(xué)與研究環(huán)境卓有成效地互動從而推動教學(xué)；通過導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)和小組學(xué)習(xí)加速思想的交流，通過開發(fā)學(xué)校圖書館、博物館以及科學(xué)收藏方面的資源，使畢業(yè)生能在國內(nèi)和國際上一展身手打下基礎(chǔ)。史密斯還沒找到合適的工作，她就讀于位于伊利諾州埃文斯頓的西北大學(xué)。Smith selected four keywords: Chicago, business, marketing and fulltime. Immediately she found 45 jobs meeting her criteria, including one as an assistant to an administrator at the University of Chicago’s business school. Four weeks later she was hired at a starting salary of $32,000.　史密斯選擇了四個關(guān)鍵詞：Chicago（芝加哥），business（商務(wù)），marketing（營銷），full time（全職）。四個星期以后，她得到了這份工作，底薪32,000美元。要是沒有因特網(wǎng)，我根本不會知道有這份工作。史密斯是其中一個，另一個例子是斯蒂芬In 1996, the Rockville, Md., resident came across an employment site named CareerBuilder. He had just been promoted to director of marketing for a pany that produces tradeshow exhibits and wasn’t looking for a job. But curious, he decided to “give it a try.”　他住在馬里蘭州的羅科維爾，1996年無意中進(jìn)到一個招聘網(wǎng)站CareerBuilder。但是出于好奇心，他決定“試試看”。不到一個星期，他的郵箱里就塞滿了可供選擇的職位?！坝辛艘蛱鼐W(wǎng)，就像雇了一個私人助理，”圖爾斯說。”Even a couple of years ago, most job listings on the Internet were in hightech fields. Today, nontechnical jobs — salesclerks, bank tellers, secretaries, for example — are the fastest growing segment of Internet employment opportunities. Most major newspapers and trade publications have online versions of their classified listings, enabling jobseekers to scan for work available across town, in another state, or around the world. 　僅在兩年以前，因特網(wǎng)上提供的工作絕大部分還局限于高科技領(lǐng)域。大型報紙和專業(yè)出版物的分類廣告大多都有在線版，求職者能搜索到市內(nèi)、國內(nèi)甚至國外的一些工作機(jī)會。格拉格和內(nèi)德扎德In 1996, Madeline Gragg, a 28yearold high school teacher from St. Louis, wanted a change. When a friend mentioned teaching English in Japan, Gragg was intrigued.1996年，圣路易斯的一名高中老師，28歲的馬德琳有個朋友提到在日本教書的事，格拉格很感興趣。一星期后，她接到一個電話，與芝加哥的一名招聘人員進(jìn)行了面試，得到了這份工作。多茲里克，當(dāng)時在瀏覽Houston Chronicle網(wǎng)站，了解最新的棒球消息。多茲里克是波斯尼亞的戰(zhàn)爭難民，曾從事過多種不同的工作，但現(xiàn)在他想換個工作。兩天后，他被雇用了?！盇nother valuable us