【正文】 第一章 翻譯概論 第一節(jié) 中外翻譯史簡(jiǎn)介 四、課內(nèi)練習(xí) 1. 東漢至唐宋時(shí)期。 2. 玄奘不僅譯出了 75 部佛經(jīng)，而且還把老子的部分著作譯成梵文，成為第一個(gè)向國(guó)外 介紹漢語(yǔ)著作的中國(guó)人。 3. 20 世紀(jì)初的“五四”新文化運(yùn)動(dòng)，開創(chuàng)了白話文學(xué)和白話翻譯的新紀(jì)元，語(yǔ)言從文 言正宗轉(zhuǎn)為白話本位。五四運(yùn)動(dòng)前后，東西方各國(guó)的優(yōu)秀文學(xué)作品，特別是俄國(guó)和蘇聯(lián)的作 品開始被介紹進(jìn)來(lái)， 《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》等一批馬克思主義著作的譯文就發(fā)表在“五四”時(shí)期， 為中國(guó)后來(lái)的革命做了充分的理論和思想準(zhǔn)備。 4. 圣經(jīng)的翻譯成為了西方翻譯研究的重要源頭之一。 5. 中外悠久的翻譯歷史已為我們積累了一份寶貴的文化遺產(chǎn)。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)真總結(jié)前人 的翻譯經(jīng)驗(yàn)，借鑒吸收前人從實(shí)踐中總結(jié)出的理論、方法，以便繼續(xù)提高我們的翻譯水平， 為中外文化交流做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。五、課后練習(xí) （一）將下列段落譯成中文：一百年前的今天：一些海鷗；北卡羅來(lái)納州殺魔山海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)的三個(gè)隊(duì)員；救生站以及 一些本地人，見證了威爾帕 萊特(Wilbur Wright)和奧維爾 萊特(Orville Wright)兄弟的第一次 機(jī)動(dòng)飛機(jī)飛行。 1903 年 12 月 17 日，萊特兄弟第一次用比空氣重的飛行器進(jìn)行了有動(dòng)力的持續(xù)飛行。 1932 年， 90 英尺高的殺魔山頂立起了一座 60 英尺高的花崗巖紀(jì)念碑， 用以紀(jì)念這兩個(gè)來(lái)自 俄亥俄州代頓市的夢(mèng)想家。 萊特兄弟來(lái)自于美國(guó)中部。他們有著天空般廣闊的眼界，也有著十分務(wù)實(shí)的作風(fēng)。1892 年，他們?cè)诙砗ザ碇莸拇D開創(chuàng)了自己的自行車企業(yè)：萊特自行車公司。雖然在當(dāng)時(shí)世紀(jì)之 交的美國(guó)，有著數(shù)不清的自行車公司，但只有一個(gè)在造輪子的同時(shí)造出了翅膀。當(dāng)萊特兄弟 在 1903 年最終著眼于動(dòng)力載人飛行器，他們成功地使世界變小了……（二） 將下列段落譯成英文：As Jia baoyu，Xue Baoqin，Xing youyan and Ping’er had birthdays on the same day，the young ladies held a hilarious drinking party in the hall of the peony garden for them. When it was Xiangyun’s turn to pose a verse amid a drinking game，she made fun of the service maids by saying， holding a duck head in hand， “This ya tou （referring to the duck head in hand） is not that ya tou （referring to the service maids around， as both are homophones in Chinese） ， for this ya tou has applied no hair oil….” Everybody roared with laughter. Some service maids protested， laughing， “You made fun of us， so you have to drink another cup. Let’s pour a full cup her….” As the party went on drinkers’ games continued with ceaseless laughter and people suddenly noticed that Xiangyun had disappeared. While they looked this way and that，a service maid rushed in laughing， “ Young ladies. Hurry to have a look at the Lady Xiangyun. She’s sleeping on the stone bench over there.” The group tiptoed over，and sure enough，saw Xiangyun sleeping soundly. Fallen flowers scattered on her body，her hair and her face. Her fan had dropped on the ground aside. Bees danced in the air around her. Under her head was a makeshift pillow of peony flowers wrapped with her handkerchief. Amid laughter service girls gently woke her up and helped hershe was still mumbling something drunkenlyget inside the room.第二節(jié) 翻譯的定義與性質(zhì) 四、課內(nèi)練習(xí) （一）將下列英文譯成中文：1. 海蒂讀過阿瑟的信后陷入了絕望之中。后來(lái)，她采取了一個(gè)不幸者常常采取的那種 快刀斬亂麻的行動(dòng)：嫁給了亞當(dāng)，從而陷進(jìn)了終身的痛苦，為的不過是跳出那一時(shí)的悲傷。 2. 一個(gè)人不要做了一件好事就到處宣揚(yáng)，而應(yīng)帶動(dòng)他人，就像葡萄的藤蔓，開花結(jié)果， 年復(fù)一年。 3. 一想起她一個(gè)人出去重新登上找工作的艱辛旅途，他頓覺萬(wàn)念俱灰。 4. 十一月的寒風(fēng)，對(duì)他就像夏天吹拂的涼風(fēng)一樣。舒適的冷空氣使他容光煥發(fā)，兩頰 通紅，兩眼閃光。 5. 天空陰沉沉的，烏云密布，不久就能感覺到豆大的雨點(diǎn)稀稀疏疏地落下，轉(zhuǎn)瞬間變 成傾盆大雨，驟然而下。(楊曉萍譯）（二）將下列中文譯成英文：1. An excellent, allround student with a congenial personality, she is a promising candidate for the exchange program. 2. How to make further use of scientific resources in college to better serve our economy is a key element in the reform of institutions of higher education. 3. The surface of the pool quivered as the swallow skimmed over it. 4. The man seemed quite at ease, but his rolling eyes gave him away/ betray him. 5. Ignorant as I am, I know not to promote a person for what he says not to undervalue what is said because of the person who says it.五、課后練習(xí) （一）將下列段落譯成中文：隨著專業(yè)化程度的提高， 各門知識(shí)的邊界正在以前所未有的速度往里收縮。 但這種收縮 是付出了相當(dāng)大的代價(jià)才做到的。 現(xiàn)在一個(gè)科學(xué)家離開了他自己的專業(yè)就不會(huì)比一個(gè)傻子強(qiáng) 多少，正像一個(gè)文學(xué)家對(duì)科技方面的重大進(jìn)展幾乎一無(wú)所知一樣，都是現(xiàn)代才有的怪現(xiàn)象。 同樣地， 專業(yè)化也間接地影響到了各行各業(yè)中的普通人。 以前僅僅是由于對(duì)它們本身感興趣 而去從事的許多活動(dòng)，現(xiàn)在常常因感到?jīng)]有希望而被放棄了。專家們說，從事這些活動(dòng)所需 要的技巧得付出畢生的精力才能掌握。 當(dāng)你能在客廳里欣賞到世界上最杰出的鋼琴家的演奏 時(shí)，你干嗎還要學(xué)鋼琴呢？（二） 將下列段落譯成英文：“Dwell on One or Two” Lin Qingxuan A friend of mind brought over a newly purchased set of paper, brush, inkstick and inkslab, and asked me to write something for the wall in the sitting room of his new house. I unfolded thepaper, ground the inkstick on the slab, and wrote out the words: “Dwell on one or two.” “What does this mean?” asked my friend. “You know the popular saying.” I replied, “Life means frustration eight or nine times out of ten.” Dedicating the eighty or ninety per cent of frustration, you still have ten or twenty per cent of success, happiness or gratification. If you want to enjoy life, you should focus on the one or two times you are happy, be thankful and cherish them. Then you’ll never be overwhelmed by the eight or nine times when you are unhappy.” Happily my friend left, carrying the scroll in his arms. (《中國(guó)翻譯》編輯部： 《 “韓素音青年翻譯獎(jiǎng)”競(jìng)賽作品與評(píng)析：英漢對(duì)照》)第三節(jié) 翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與譯者的素養(yǎng) 四、課內(nèi)練習(xí) （一）將下列英文譯成中文：1. 也許只有傳統(tǒng)才能真正反映出人的性格和精神。 旅行的目的， 除了四處游覽觀光之 外，更重要的就是去了解彼此的風(fēng)俗和文化。 2. 如今作為世界文化遺產(chǎn)， 巨石陣及其周圍建筑依舊是 5000 到 3000 年前石器時(shí)代和 青銅時(shí)代偉大文明的有力見證者。 3. 澳洲大陸跨越許多種不同的氣候帶，有北部的熱帶、亞熱帶和稀樹草原，由中部干 旱不毛的沙漠，還有南部的溫帶。 4. 在南達(dá)克塔州海拔 6000 英尺的黑山頂上聳立著華盛頓、林肯、杰斐遜和羅斯福思 維美國(guó)總統(tǒng)栩栩如生的塑像。 5. 迪斯尼樂園的成功有許多原因， 但是歸根結(jié)底要?dú)w功于一個(gè)人， 這個(gè)人發(fā)明了卡通 畫，白手起家，創(chuàng)建了這家公司。（二）將下列中文譯成英文：1. Tourism has already bee one of the world’s most important industries, with high growth rate and net profits. 2. China’s tourism industry has grown in tandem with the economic explosion over the last two decades. 3. As the Chinese tourism market expands at a high speed, a good environment is being created to further drive its development. 4. With the acceleration of urbanization, man’s desire to return to nature grows with each passing day. 5. In those areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, you can not only enjoy the beautiful scenery but also learn about the local customs and traditional cultures.五、課后練習(xí) （一）將下列段落譯成中文：Tourism, a fast developing economic sector over the last two decades in all parts of the world, is now receiving increasing attention among the Chinese public．Many people have written to the press making suggestions for the promotion of tourism in China. It is believed that the development of tourism will help promote mutual understanding and friendship between the people of China and other countries, and facilitate exchanges in the field of culture, science andtechnology. Moreover, it will help accumulate funds for China’s great cause. Furthermore, the experience of other countries shows that tourism directly and indirectly helps promote the growth of，economic sectors such as munications, merce, service trades, l