【正文】 IN THE BLANKS 1. A __ flat _______________ structure has a wide span, is horizontally dispersed, and has fewer hierarchical levels. 2. The visual representation of an anisation’s structure is called the _______ anization_______________ _____ chart__________________. 3. Division of labour is also known as __ work ______________ ___________ specialization _____________. 4. The _________ chain of mand___________________________ is an unbroken line of authority that links all persons in an anisation and shows who reports to whom. 5. __________ authority ________ is the formal and legitimate right of a manager to make decisions, issue orders, and allocate resources to achieve anisationally desired outes. SHORT ANSWER 1. Define span of management and explain if there is an ideal span of management. The span of management is the number of employees reporting to a supervisor. 不存在 。 goals specify today’s means. F 4. The act of determining the anisation’s goals and the means for achieving them is called goal setting. F 5. Goals and plans are valuable to an anisation because they provide legitimacy（合法） , rationale（基本原理） for decisions and an increase in motivation（積極性） and mitment（承諾） . T 6. An anisation’s mission describes its reason for existence. T 7. Mission statements often reveal（顯示） the pany’s philosophy as well as purpose. T 8. Strategic plans and goals are those that focus on where the anisation wants to be in the future and pertain（屬于） to the anisation as a whole. T 9. Reviewing progress is the most difficult step in an MBO process. F 10. Longterm planning includes strategic goals for the overall anisation. T CHOICE 1. A desired future state that an anisation attempts to realise（明白） is called a(n): A. plan B. vision statement C. goal D. mission statement E. idea C 2. __________ specify future ends and __________ specify today’s means. A. Goals, plans B. Plans, goals C. Planning, anising , behaviours E. Mission, vision A 3. Which of these is the act of determining the anisation’s goals and the means for achieving them? A. anising B. brainstorming C. planning D. developing a mission E. a blueprint C 4. The planning process begins with which of these? A. the development of operational（運(yùn)作的） goals B. the development of a mission statement C. munication of goals to the rest of the anisation D. a panywide meeting E. brainstorming B 5. The __________ is the basis for the strategic level of goals and plans which in turn（空的） shapes the __________ and __________ level. D A. goal, mission, tactical B. operational goal, mission and tactical （策略的） C. objective, operational, mission D. mission, tactical, operational E. tactical plan, operational, mission 6. __________ are primarily concerned with tactical goals/plans. A A. Middle management B. Board of directors C. Consultants D. Senior management E. Lower management 7. Which of these are primarily responsible for strategic goals/plans? A. middle management B. board of directors C. consultants（咨詢(xún)者） D. senior management E. lower management D 8. A statement that identifies distinguishing characteristics of an anisation is known as: A. a goals statement B. a values statement C. an ine statement mission statement E. a petitiveedge statement D 9. The anisation’s reason for existence is known as: A. the anisation’s value B. the anisation’s vision C. the anisation’s mission D. the anisation’s goal E. the anisation’s service C 10. ‘We seek to bee the major puter maintenance（維修） business in Shanghai ’ is an example of a statement you are most likely to find in the anisation’s: A. tactical goals B. operational goals C. mission D. tactical plans E. operational plans C 11. Goals that define the outes that major divisions（部門(mén)） and departments must achieve in order for the anisation to reach its overall goals are called: A. strategic goals B. tactical goals C. operational goals D. a mission E. a plan B 12. Specific results expected from individuals are called: A. operational goals B. tactical goals C. strategic goals D. operational plans E. mission statements A 13. __________ goals lead to the attainment（成就） of __________ goals, which in turn lead to the attainment of __________ goals. A. Operational, strategic, tactical B. Tactical, operational, strategic C. Strategic, tactical, operational D. Operational, tactical, strategic E. None of the above D 14. The first step in the MBO process is: A. setting goals B. developing action plans C. appraising（評(píng)價(jià)） overall performance D. reviewing progress E. reliant（依賴(lài)） on the objectives, which should be laid down（制定） first A 15. The final step in the MBO process is to: A. appraise overall performance B. develop an action plan C. review progress D. set goals E. conduct periodic checkups（周期的審查） A 16. Contingency（偶然性） plans are: A. plans that are developed to achieve a set of goals that are unlikely to be repeated in the future B. plans that used to provide guidance for tasks performed repeatedly within the anisation C. plans that define pany responses to specific situations, such as emergencies or setbacks D. most important in the anisations E. none of the above C FILL IN THE BLANKS 1. A goal is a desired future state that the