【正文】
eller),a Corporation having their principal office in Shanghai,China who agrees to sell, and XYZ Corporation (hereinafter referred lo as “Buyer),a Corporation having their principal office in New York,N.Y.,USA,who agrees to buy the following goods on the terms and conditions as below:44幻燈片45l 【例1】本合同由中國(guó)ABC公司, 總公司設(shè)于中國(guó)上海(以下簡(jiǎn)稱賣(mài)方)與美國(guó)XYZ公司, 總公司設(shè)于美國(guó)紐約州紐約市(以下簡(jiǎn)稱買(mǎi)方)于2003年3月29日訂立于中國(guó)上海,雙方同意按下述條件買(mǎi)賣(mài)下列貨物:45幻燈片46l 【例2】合同號(hào)碼:(經(jīng)合字)第0081號(hào)l 簽約日期:2003年3月29日l(shuí) 簽約地點(diǎn):中國(guó)上海l 賣(mài)方:中國(guó)ABC公司l 地址:中國(guó)上海 街 號(hào)l 公司屬國(guó):中華人民共和國(guó)l 電傳:l 傳真:l 郵編:l 電子信箱:l 買(mǎi)方:美國(guó)XYZ公司l 地址:美國(guó)紐約州紐約市——街——號(hào)l 公司屬國(guó):美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)l 電傳:l 傳真:l 郵編:l 電子信箱:46幻燈片47l Contract Number:JH Zi,l Date 0f Execution of Contract:March,29,2003l Place Of Execution Of Contract:Shanghai,China.l Seller:ABC Corporation,China.l Address:No , St.,Shanghai,China。42幻燈片43Preamble of a Contract合同的前言l 國(guó)際商務(wù)合同的前言部分,主要包括兩方面的內(nèi)容:其一,主要載明合同當(dāng)事人的名稱或者姓名、國(guó)籍、主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)或者住所(the corporate or personal names of the parties to the contract and their nationalities,principal places of business or residential addresses);l 其二,合同簽訂的日期、地點(diǎn)(the date and place of signing of the contract)。該句中的provided that表示合同該條款需作進(jìn)一步規(guī)定或在作規(guī)定時(shí)語(yǔ)氣上的轉(zhuǎn)折,因而應(yīng)譯為“但是”才使譯文過(guò)渡自然,符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)規(guī)范,達(dá)到功能對(duì)等的效果。)40幻燈片41l 歸納上述各例,除了句(Either Side can replace the representatives it has appointed provided that it submits a written notice to the other Side )以外,條件句均置于主句之前,英譯漢時(shí)譯成“如果”或“若”即可。)l 27)Either Side can replace the representatives it has appointed provided that it submits a written notice to the other Side.l (任何一方都可更換自己指派的代表,但須書(shū)面通知對(duì)方。)38幻燈片39l 26) Should all or part of the contract be unable to be fulfilled owing to the fault of one party, the breaching party shall bear the responsibilities thus caused. Should it be the fault of both parties, they shall bear their respective responsibilities according to actual situations.l (由于一方的過(guò)失,造成本合同不能履行或不能完全履行時(shí),由過(guò)失一方承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任。比如:37幻燈片38l 23)If the third party accuses the Party B of infringement, Party B shall take up the matter…(如果第三方指控乙方侵權(quán),乙方應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)……)l 24)In the event of any loss caused by the delay in the delivery, the Representative can claim a pensation from the Manufacturer with a certificate and detailed list registered by the administration authorities of the Representative’s site.(若因任何交貨延誤導(dǎo)致的代理方損失,代理方可憑代理方所在地行政當(dāng)局登記的損失清單向制造方索賠,但須出具證明。36幻燈片37第三節(jié) 合同英語(yǔ)的句法特點(diǎn)及翻譯要點(diǎn)l 二、條件句及其翻譯l 商務(wù)合同主要約定合同各方應(yīng)享有的權(quán)利和應(yīng)履行的義務(wù),但由于這種權(quán)利的行使和義務(wù)的履行均賦有各種條件,所以條件句的大量使用成為商務(wù)合同的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。按照漢語(yǔ)的思維習(xí)慣,往往先談原因,再講結(jié)論,因此采用顛倒順序的譯法更合理。34幻燈片35l 21)If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles or repeated in , then in addition to any other remedies available to the other Party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shall indemnify and keep indemnified the other Party and the pany against any losses, damages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.l ,則另一方除根據(jù)本合同或相關(guān)法律尋求任何可能的救濟(jì)之外,違約方應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償另一方或合營(yíng)公司因此種違反而招致的任何損失、損害、費(fèi)用、開(kāi)支、責(zé)任或索賠。That引導(dǎo)的則是后置定語(yǔ)修飾緊鄰的五個(gè)名詞。If引導(dǎo)的是條件從句,條件句的賓語(yǔ)部分跟隨后置定語(yǔ)(given by it in Articles or repeated in )。l 貨物抵達(dá)目的港15天內(nèi),買(mǎi)方可以憑有信譽(yù)的公共檢驗(yàn)員出示的檢驗(yàn)證明向賣(mài)方提出短重索賠。修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)有三個(gè),分別表示時(shí)間(within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination)、方式(being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor)和原因(for shortweight)。最后,分析句子中是否有固定搭配、插入語(yǔ)等其他成分。l 一、長(zhǎng)句及其翻譯l 二、條件句及其翻譯31幻燈片32第三節(jié) 合同英語(yǔ)的句法特點(diǎn)及翻譯要點(diǎn)l 一、長(zhǎng)句及其翻譯l 與普通英語(yǔ)相比較而言,商務(wù)合同英語(yǔ)中的句子結(jié)構(gòu)就其長(zhǎng)度和使用從句的連續(xù)性要復(fù)雜得多。句子的狀語(yǔ)(從句)和定語(yǔ)(從句)等附加成分很多,且往往位置明顯,對(duì)主句意義進(jìn)行解釋、限制或補(bǔ)充,一則可以體現(xiàn)這種文體莊嚴(yán)的風(fēng)格、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)和清晰的邏輯;二則便于排除被曲解、誤解而出現(xiàn)歧義引發(fā)爭(zhēng)端的可能性,維護(hù)雙方的合法權(quán)益。29幻燈片30l 類(lèi)似的表達(dá)還有:any and all(全部)、any duties, obligations or liabilities(所有責(zé)任)、applicable laws, regulations, decrees, directives, and rules(適用法律法規(guī))、charges, fees, costs and expenses(各種費(fèi)用)、covenants and agreements(合同,協(xié)議)、customs and usages(慣例)、free and clear of(無(wú))、import duty and tax(進(jìn)口稅捐)、keep secret and confidential(保密)、licenses and permits(許可)、null and void(無(wú)效)、packing and wrapping expenses(包裝費(fèi))、rights and interests(權(quán)益)、settle claims and debts(清理債務(wù))、ships and vessels(船只)、sign and issue(簽發(fā))、support and maintenance(維護(hù))、use and wont(習(xí)慣,慣例),等等。l 在以上三句中,“made and entered into”、“amendments to and alteration of ”、“terms, provisions, conditions and stipulations”、“force and effect”是幾組同義詞。奈達(dá)的“動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等理論”。l 18)The amendments to or alteration of this contract bee effect only after they are signed by parties hereto and approved by the original approving authorities.l 19)If the contract shall duly perform and observe all terms, provisions, conditions and stipulations of the said contract, the otherwise shall be remain in full force and effect.28幻燈片29l 對(duì)于合同中出現(xiàn)的同義詞、近義詞、相關(guān)詞的并列現(xiàn)象,翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)仔細(xì)考慮單詞的內(nèi)涵、合同文體以及句法要求等相關(guān)因素。比如,terms在合同中一般指付款或費(fèi)用(手續(xù)費(fèi)、傭金等有關(guān)金錢(qián)的)條件,而conditions則指其它條件,但是“terms and conditions”常常作為固定模式在合同中出現(xiàn),就不宜分譯成“條件和條款”,而直接合譯成“條款”。26幻燈片27第二節(jié) 合同英語(yǔ)的詞匯特點(diǎn)及翻譯要點(diǎn)l 二、用詞正式、準(zhǔn)確(formal and accurate)l (二)注意詞語(yǔ)并列的現(xiàn)象(juxtaposition)l 國(guó)際商務(wù)合同力求正式而準(zhǔn)確,避免可能出現(xiàn)的誤解或分歧,所以同義詞(近義詞)并列的現(xiàn)象十分普遍。25幻燈片26l 16)On the FOB basis, the Buyer shall book shipping space in accordance with the date of shipment specified in the contract.l (按照FOB條件,由買(mǎi)方負(fù)責(zé)根據(jù)合同規(guī)定的裝運(yùn)日期洽定艙位。)l 本句中的unless otherwise比if not和 otherwise表達(dá)正式。當(dāng)然,商務(wù)英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)選擇中的正式性與非正式性是相對(duì)而言的,且無(wú)優(yōu)劣之分,一切需視具體的使用場(chǎng)合而定。23幻燈片24第二節(jié) 合同英語(yǔ)的詞匯特點(diǎn)及翻譯要點(diǎn)l 二、用詞正式、準(zhǔn)確(formal and accurate)l (一)注意介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)的翻譯l 14)The participants in the Joint Venture shall mence discussion with regard to the extension of the period of existence of the Venture and in the event of their agreeing upon such extension, they shall record such agreement in a written document signed by all of them not later than three years prior to the expiry of the current period.l (就本合資企業(yè)的存續(xù)時(shí)限的延期問(wèn)題,各方應(yīng)進(jìn)行討論;一旦各方就此達(dá)成一致,應(yīng)形成書(shū)面協(xié)議,由各方在本合同期限到期之前的三年內(nèi)簽字生效。l 再比如:The term “Effective date” means the date on which this Agreement is duly executed by the parties hereto。l 顯然, 該句中的notify、assist、deem比同義詞inform、help、th