【正文】 企業(yè)方面：勞資雙方地位懸殊且農(nóng)民工處于不利地位用人單位地位強(qiáng)勢，他們以自身利益為驅(qū)動，為降低成本，追求利潤最大化而故意壓低農(nóng)民工的工資。法律方面：立法漏洞使侵犯農(nóng)民工勞動權(quán)利的行為難以被追究，現(xiàn)行法律脫離實際，缺少專項的法律政策的保護(hù)使農(nóng)民工勞動權(quán)利被邊緣化。社會結(jié)構(gòu)方面：城鄉(xiāng)二元制是導(dǎo)致農(nóng)民工就業(yè)待遇不公平的制度根源。缺乏敬業(yè)精神，而且存在心理自卑感。擁有勞動力所有權(quán)的勞動者根據(jù)勞動力市場價格自主競爭就業(yè)，擁有經(jīng)營自主權(quán)的用人單位根據(jù)實際需要選擇用人，在市場調(diào)節(jié)下，新生代農(nóng)民工由于自身素質(zhì)和一些企業(yè)和社會歧視現(xiàn)象的存在，而面臨更大的就業(yè)壓力。第三產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展，但新一代農(nóng)民工沒有從事第三產(chǎn)業(yè)中高端產(chǎn)業(yè)，競爭力不大。而新生代民工和大多數(shù)求職者一樣面臨適應(yīng)和改變產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平還不能讓所有求職者就業(yè)，何況相對于城鎮(zhèn)求職者在生活成本，人員素質(zhì)上優(yōu)于新生代農(nóng)民工。4 新生代農(nóng)民工就業(yè)問題背后的原因 ——新生代農(nóng)民工的數(shù)量和素質(zhì)新生代農(nóng)民工數(shù)量龐大， 基本上為初中畢業(yè)水平，具有高中及以上文化程度的只有三成，具有職業(yè)教育水平的只有兩成。很小一部分失業(yè)留在農(nóng)村的新生代農(nóng)民工因見過一些世面，便對便對基層管理指手畫腳，不滿情緒膨脹，增加管理人員工作的難度。新生代農(nóng)民工一旦失業(yè)，不會返鄉(xiāng)依然會堅守在城市，造成盜竊，搶劫等犯罪行為。由于城市化進(jìn)程的加快，房價漲幅過大，在很大程度上已超出了目前新生代農(nóng)民工的承受力，使得大多數(shù)新生代無法安家于城市，這無疑對他們在城市長期穩(wěn)定的工作造成了極大的阻礙；勞動安全衛(wèi)生條件差使農(nóng)民工健康生命受到嚴(yán)重威脅與傷害； 農(nóng)民工享受的勞動福利待遇較少；女職工和未成年工的特殊保護(hù)沒有完全落實 ；農(nóng)民工在職受訓(xùn)機(jī)會少及職業(yè)素質(zhì)提高難 ；用人單位勞動規(guī)章制度不規(guī)范 ；勞動執(zhí)法和勞動仲裁保護(hù)農(nóng)民工合法權(quán)利的力度不足；工會在維護(hù)農(nóng)民工勞動權(quán)利方面未發(fā)揮應(yīng)有作用。由消極維權(quán)向積極維權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)變。但新生代農(nóng)民工的維權(quán)意識有所增強(qiáng)。企業(yè)解除勞動合同時沒有支付經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償金，工資水平低和工資被拖欠或克扣的現(xiàn)象未從根本上得到遏制。新生代農(nóng)民工在就業(yè)時被強(qiáng)迫要求交納押金和抵押身份證而無法自由選擇職業(yè)。受到不公平對待，比如經(jīng)常被要求辦理各種額外手續(xù)，在生活上辦各種證名，繳納各種費用；同工不同酬；未執(zhí)行勞動工時制和超時加班現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重；求職受騙。大多數(shù)新生代農(nóng)民工就業(yè)以私營，三資合營為主的企業(yè)工作。受教育程度與上一代農(nóng)民工有所提高，個人素質(zhì)不高。 新生代農(nóng)民工就業(yè)現(xiàn)狀新生代農(nóng)民工占外出農(nóng)民工總數(shù)的60% 以上。許多80，90后新生代農(nóng)民工，受教育程度較高，職業(yè)期望值高，物質(zhì)和精神享受要求高，工作耐受力低。新生代農(nóng)民工幾乎沒種過地，渴望城市的生活，有自己的人生追求和目標(biāo)。同時，農(nóng)民工也有高學(xué)歷人才，不從事簡單重復(fù)的體力勞動的打工者。他們是中國社會轉(zhuǎn)型的產(chǎn)物，對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和社會的繁榮做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。因為制度和法律不完善，限制著新生代農(nóng)民工的生存和發(fā)展，由此新生代農(nóng)民工會產(chǎn)生心理問題，造成社會危害。摘要：新生代農(nóng)民工，作為中國社會的特殊的就業(yè)群體在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。在就業(yè)嚴(yán)峻的背景下，新生代農(nóng)民工面臨更大的就業(yè)壓力。full advantage of the network, and local governments to establish and improve the promotion of interregional transfer of youth labor between the longterm cooperation mechanism to strengthen the labor and social security, education and other sectors of cooperation, and strive to balance supply and demand in the labor force, good human resources shared with the docking, the development of human resources and employment needs of docking the market, as well as training and recruitment network market for talent, build green channel organizations to strengthen The new generation of workers are not protected as an important reason why individuals are too dispersed, the lack of effective munication with the employer and the bargaining power, lack of power from the present, migrant workers organizations, mainly through the “Association” forms, when in contradiction with the employer, they often adopt a “radical” behavior, prone to problems of social , suggests that the Government focus on migrant workers in the region to establish a joint trade new generation of migrant workers to enjoy more the pursuit of freedom and selfIn the case can not be guaranteed the right to easily change jobs, more mobility, research found that the 1st job as much as 40% turnover rate, the 1st 3 months of work the general to , the government should be organized generation of migrant workers to join unions, to assist its strength and employers through collective negotiations, changing their position in the rights of the support the new generation of migrant workers return home business or employment in agriCulture Problems in the generation of migrant workers on the one hand, county and township governments should play a role in the development series of preferential policies to attract the Back to as tax relief to farmers, development of rural credit operations, and actively develop rural banks, mutual funds, rural financial the other hand, county and township government should encourage the development of agriculture, which led the new generation of migrant workers to have a certain agricultural techniques, the use of certain construction equipment to overe the natural form of climate impact on agricultural production, the growingseason(aquaculture).Facilities higher farm ines, the new generation of migrant workers have a certain appeal for its employment agriCulture is not only effective, but also placed a lot of labor and improve labor efficiency in rural areas, can improve agricultural employment focus on the development of Henan Province poultry, such as processing, food processing and food additives manufacturing, nearly ten thousand people to address local employment in rural areas, mostly rural migrant workers return home entering employment, which greatly improved the ine level of farmers and employment environment, to a certain extent, promote rural economic References [1] Zhao Fang.“New Generation”, a concept difficult to defineGreen unitary Village in Hunan [J].Sociological Research, 2003(6):7183.[2] rural migrants integration of social identity and the relationship between urban and rural areas [J].Sociological Research, 2001(3):6376.[3] new generation of rural migrants desire for basic civil rights [J].Democracy and science, 2000(1):1820.[4] bears from the Transformation of migrant workers in China [M].Xi39。final should be to achieve stable employment skills training objectives, training and employment will be closely integrated over free identification and employment skills training in 2009 in Henan Province has just launched the Hundred Days Sunshine Project, rural labor transfer training programs, plans 5 100 d before the end, the pletion of 10 million farmers in the vocational skills training, transfer of more than 80% employment order to implement the scheme, training subsidies will be arranged in Henan Province 5 000 elsewhere in the paper for free download : / / Governmentled, the implementation of human resources docking network The Government should fully play its regulatory role organizations, to establish urban and rural, export and into the ground, schools and businesses and urban munities in exchange and sharing of information resources, providing employment for a new generation of migrant workers unimpeded access to information。s Education provides the basic guarantee, facilitate its integration into the city In 2009 November 23, Henan Province XI session of the Standing Committee at its twelfth meeting of the decision(Draft)” proposed homestead back to the future and meet the housing security of urban living conditions of migrant workers, can ap