【正文】 s largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed other major exchanges have or had headquarters in the Wall Street area, including NASDAQ, the New York Mercantile Exchange, the New York Board of Trade, and the former American Stock by Wall Street, New York City has been called the world39。 David Thoreau’s work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England : the history of a dominant accent in the United States is General 、南方、新英格蘭 Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles披頭士或甲殼蟲樂隊in the Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游記, Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the world’s most perfect Houyhnhnms are horses in Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth : A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such ased in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful ,一種含有一個單詞的有意義的語言單位，如ed在單詞 walked中，不能被劃分為更小的有意義單位 name of the famous stadium露天體育場 in the north of London is [英國英格蘭東南部城市](位于倫敦附近,是著名的國際網球比賽地) in the hole is a Traditional English recipe食譜, originating from Yorkshire, a county in the north of ，面拖烤香腸: To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion（強制）.聯(lián)合抵制,聯(lián)合起來拒絕使用、購買或經銷以示抗議、不滿或作為強制的手段: The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races, as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a predominantly white ,強制實行種族的社會分離政策及實踐，如在學校、居住和工業(yè)中，尤指在白人居多的社會中實行有色人種歧視的政策: An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discrimination against ,南非共和國實行的一種官方的種族隔離政策，包括在政治、: The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization。: The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar ,一個行業(yè)、 : A trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expressed as if it were original or ,陳腐的或平庸的評論或陳述，尤指某人表述它時好象它是新穎的或有意義的: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ,一種比喻，使用夸張來強調或產生某種效果，比如在我能睡一年或這書有一噸重: The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer ,詞的構成或用法，例如 buzz或 :從屬關系:并列結構，指 短語或分句間不用連詞，如：I came, I saw, I : A literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through ,一種文學和哲學運動，與拉爾夫?沃爾多?愛默生和瑪格麗特?富勒有關，宣稱存在一種理想的精神實體，超越于經驗和科學之處，通過直覺得以把握 Hawthorne wrote the Scarlet : The study of the structure and form of words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of ，詞態(tài)學，形態(tài)音位學,語言或某一語言中對于單詞的結構和形式的研究，包括詞尾變化、派生和合成詞的構成: A plex speech sound consisting of a stop consonant輔音 followed by a fricative摩擦。s a stage(Shakespeare)隱喻一種語言表達手法，通常用指某物的詞或詞組來指代他物，從而暗示它們之間的相似之處，如 “憂愁之?！被颉罢麄€世界一臺戲”(莎士比亞)the ship of desert沙漠之舟: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are bined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful ,一種把互相矛盾或不調和的詞合在一起的修辭手法，如在 震耳欲聾的沉默和悲傷的樂觀cruel kindness affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster is Big Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Regained was also written by : A 14line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme ,一種由十四行組成的詩歌形式，通常有一種傳統(tǒng)的押韻形式,莎士比亞用過此詩體。: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military ，一種,一個詞或詞組被另一個與之有緊密聯(lián)系的詞或詞組替換的修辭方法，如用華盛頓代替美==或用劍代替軍事力量，對面來了三個“紅領巾”也是，以紅領巾指代少先隊員。政黨：自由黨liberal party和保守黨progressive conservative party 澳大利亞概況： 首都：堪培拉Canberra 第一大城：悉尼，2：墨爾本 世界最大羊毛出口國國家元首：英女王，和加拿大一樣有總督和總理，聯(lián)邦制國家 政黨：工黨（最大黨）australian labour party和自由黨liberal party，和英國不同，澳大利亞有成文憲法議會參照英國，上議院senate（the upper house）和下議院house of representatives（the lower house）新西蘭概況首都：惠靈頓Wellington 第一大城：奧克蘭Auckland 世界最大羔羊肉，羊肉和奶制品出口國，稱為the world’s biggest farm 國家元首：英女王 政體：議會制君主立憲制愛爾蘭概況（注意不是北愛爾蘭哦，不是英國的一部分呢）首都：都柏林dublin 國家元首：注意了是總統(tǒng) 專八人文知識 Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles : The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing 。三權分立checks and balances 立法，執(zhí)法，司法三權分立，legislative，executive，judicial，國會可立法，總統(tǒng)可否決，國會可通過三分之二選票再次通過，總統(tǒng)不可否決，但最高法院可以判定它違反憲法而否決它。Article II，Executive Article執(zhí)法 總統(tǒng)任期4年Article III，Judicial Article 司法Supreme Court是國家的最高法院，以下是聯(lián)邦法院federal court，最高法院和聯(lián)邦法院的法官是總統(tǒng)任命，法官是終身職位。Articla I，the Legislative Article立法只有國會有權立法，twochamber system，包括senate參議院，house of representatives眾議院。美國憲法起草于1789年，世界上最早的成文憲法。中美關系1972年，Nixon總統(tǒng)訪華，簽署上海公報Shanghai Communique。水門事件（Watergate scandal，或譯水門丑聞）是美國歷史上最不光彩的政治丑聞之一，其對美國本國歷史以及整個國際新聞界都有著長遠的影響，在1972年的總統(tǒng)大選中，為了取得民主黨內部競選策略的情報，1972年6月17日，以美國共和黨尼克松Nixon競選班子的首席安全問題顧問詹姆斯?麥科德（James , Jr.）為首的5人闖入位于華盛頓水門大廈的民主黨全國委員會辦公室，在安裝竊聽器并偷拍有關文件時，當場被捕。西貢Saigon是原來的首都，后來改名為胡志明市Ho Chi Minh City。簡單來說，越南當時像朝鮮般南北分裂，南方是社會主義的，北方是當時的統(tǒng)治階級，南方想要解放全國，統(tǒng)一南北。越南戰(zhàn)爭the vietnam war19501975(打了25年，有夠長的)為了實施對共產主義的牽制政策，the policy of containment of munism,美國與越南戰(zhàn)爭，結果這是美國有史以來最長的戰(zhàn)爭。馬丁路德金開始領導黑人抵制。蘇聯(lián)采取了類似的行動，建立了德國民主共和國set up the German Democratic ，冷戰(zhàn)全面開始。經濟發(fā)展鍍金時代gilded age，借自馬克吐溫的書名，指內戰(zhàn)到20世紀初，工業(yè)發(fā)展亨利福特henry ford大規(guī)模生產汽車，萊特兄弟wright brothers設計第一架飛機升天，都在這個時候 1920s的大蕭條與新政the great depression and the new deal 1929年，大蕭條開始，持續(xù)4年羅斯福新政，F(xiàn)ranklin D Roosevelt, the new deal 美國與二戰(zhàn)1941年，珍珠港被襲擊，美國正式參戰(zhàn)，核心國axis powers 北大西洋公約組織the founding of NATO 1949年，北大西洋條約簽署，North Atlantic Treaty,任何對締約國的攻擊視為對所有締約國的攻擊。1812年戰(zhàn)爭，the war of 1812 美國和英國間的最后一場戰(zhàn)爭，對美國影響很深，人們意識到強大的政府的重要性，加強了統(tǒng)一感和愛國感美國內戰(zhàn)the civil war 18611865，打了四年，北方勝利，北方為聯(lián)邦軍union army，南方為邦聯(lián)軍confederate army。二戰(zhàn)后英國經濟的發(fā)展50s60s穩(wěn)定發(fā)展階段，70s經濟蕭條，80s經濟恢復：，推行中