【正文】 Revolution 奧蘭治王室（William of Orange橘子？英國的名字真搞笑），用一場不流血的政變奪了王室的權(quán)，William and Mary 共同接受了Bill of Right(1689)權(quán)利法案，英國“光榮革命”后鞏固資產(chǎn)階級與封建貴族聯(lián)合專政、確立君主立憲政體的憲法性文件之一。馬丁路德金開始領(lǐng)導(dǎo)黑人抵制。Article II，Executive Article執(zhí)法 總統(tǒng)任期4年Article III，Judicial Article 司法Supreme Court是國家的最高法院，以下是聯(lián)邦法院federal court，最高法院和聯(lián)邦法院的法官是總統(tǒng)任命，法官是終身職位。s largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed other major exchanges have or had headquarters in the Wall Street area, including NASDAQ, the New York Mercantile Exchange, the New York Board of Trade, and the former American Stock by Wall Street, New York City has been called the world39。Articla I，the Legislative Article立法只有國會有權(quán)立法，twochamber system，包括senate參議院，house of representatives眾議院。蘇聯(lián)采取了類似的行動，建立了德國民主共和國set up the German Democratic ，冷戰(zhàn)全面開始。這場戰(zhàn)爭顛覆了英國的封建制度，甚至動搖了歐洲的封建制度，被認(rèn)為是世界現(xiàn)代史的開端。no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of their property unless they are convinced by a jury。在這段時期，羅馬教會經(jīng)歷新教改革，人文主義興起，海外探索（大航海時代？）。同年，第二屆大陸會議在費(fèi)城召開，喬治?華盛頓為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人1776年，湯瑪斯?杰佛遜起草獨(dú)立宣言1783年，巴黎條約簽署treaty of paris，英國承認(rèn)美國獨(dú)立。由于此事，尼克松于1974年8月8日宣布將于次日辭職，從而成為美國歷史上首位辭職的總統(tǒng)。: A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of shortlived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other 、游戲性的話語中的一種語言，基本由存在時間很短的派生詞和修辭構(gòu)成，它們被故意地用來取代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的詞語以達(dá)到生動、幽默、無禮或其它效果 Phrase: A phrase in wide or popular use, especially one serving as a slogan for a group or ，妙句，吸引人的詞句廣泛使用的或流行的用語，尤指用作集團(tuán)或運(yùn)動的口號的用語。在語言或一門語言中，對有關(guān)其分類和模式以及為大家所默認(rèn)的發(fā)音規(guī)則的研究音韻學(xué),音系學(xué): The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are bined to form grammatical ，研究詞或其它句子成分如何聯(lián)合起來形成合乎語法的句子規(guī)則的學(xué)科: The study or science of meaning in language ，以語言形式表示意思的研究或科學(xué) :首字母組合詞，首字母縮略詞，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它們可以連拼，但VOA是 Initialism。美國橫插一腳，支持北方，搞了25年，最終還是南方的社會主義勝利，統(tǒng)一了全國。Head of the monwealth 是女王，現(xiàn)在是伊麗莎白二世。亨利八世進(jìn)行宗教改革，想切斷英國教會與羅馬教皇的關(guān)系，使英國教會獨(dú)立起來。The great charter in 1215,1215年大憲章，亦稱the great charter or Magna Charta,確保一些平民的政治權(quán)利與自由，保障教會不受國王的控制，改革了法律和司法，限制國王及王室官員的行為。輝格黨和托利黨（Whigs and Tories）兩黨名稱來自光榮革命，輝格黨就是后來的Liberal party，托利黨是Conservative party 憲章運(yùn)動Chartist Movement 由于對改革法案《Reform Act》和新貧困法《New Poor Law》的不滿，工人組織了倫敦工人聯(lián)盟London Working Men’s Association，起草了人民憲章《People’s Charter》，想讓議會通過但是失敗，憲章運(yùn)動是第一次全國性的工人運(yùn)動。越南戰(zhàn)爭the vietnam war19501975(打了25年，有夠長的)為了實(shí)施對共產(chǎn)主義的牽制政策，the policy of containment of munism,美國與越南戰(zhàn)爭，結(jié)果這是美國有史以來最長的戰(zhàn)爭。三權(quán)分立checks and balances 立法，執(zhí)法，司法三權(quán)分立，legislative，executive，judicial，國會可立法，總統(tǒng)可否決，國會可通過三分之二選票再次通過，總統(tǒng)不可否決，但最高法院可以判定它違反憲法而否決它。 David Thoreau’s work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England : the history of a dominant accent in the United States is General 、南方、新英格蘭 Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles披頭士或甲殼蟲樂隊(duì)in the Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游記, Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the world’s most perfect Houyhnhnms are horses in Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth : A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such ased in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful ,一種含有一個單詞的有意義的語言單位，如ed在單詞 walked中，不能被劃分為更小的有意義單位 name of the famous stadium露天體育場 in the north of London is [英國英格蘭東南部城市](位于倫敦附近,是著名的國際網(wǎng)球比賽地) in the hole is a Traditional English recipe食譜, originating from Yorkshire, a county in the north of ，面拖烤香腸: To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion（強(qiáng)制）.聯(lián)合抵制,聯(lián)合起來拒絕使用、購買或經(jīng)銷以示抗議、不滿或作為強(qiáng)制的手段: The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races, as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a predominantly white ,強(qiáng)制實(shí)行種族的社會分離政策及實(shí)踐，如在學(xué)校、居住和工業(yè)中，尤指在白人居多的社會中實(shí)行有色人種歧視的政策: An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discrimination against ,南非共和國實(shí)行的一種官方的種族隔離政策，包括在政治、: The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization。美國憲法起草于1789年，世界上最早的成文憲法。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展鍍金時代gilded age，借自馬克吐溫的書名，指內(nèi)戰(zhàn)到20世紀(jì)初，工業(yè)發(fā)展亨利福特henry ford大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)汽車，萊特兄弟wright brothers設(shè)計(jì)第一架飛機(jī)升天，都在這個時候 1920s的大蕭條與新政the great depression and the new deal 1929年，大蕭條開始，持續(xù)4年羅斯福新政，F(xiàn)ranklin D Roosevelt, the new deal 美國與二戰(zhàn)1941年，珍珠港被襲擊，美國正式參戰(zhàn)，核心國axis powers 北大西洋公約組織the founding of NATO 1949年，北大西洋條約簽署，North Atlantic Treaty,任何對締約國的攻擊視為對所有締約國的攻擊。英國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)又稱清教徒革命，因?yàn)閲醯姆磳φ叨嗍乔褰掏絇uritan。第一篇：英美國家概況名詞解釋等 civil rights movementIt is one of the most important of all social movements in the 1960s in Parks’ spontaneous action in 1955 was believed to the true beginning of the civil rights black students’ sitin at a department lunch counter in North Carolina touched off the nationwide civil rights the first half of the decade, civil rights organizations like the SNCC,CORE,and SCLC struggled for racial intergration by providing leaderships,network and the the latter half of the decade, some black organizations changed their nonviolent tactics, and emphasized on more radical means to end discrimination and raised the selfimage of the civil rights movement produced such great leaders as Martin Luther , and Malcolm X, who inspired a generation of both blacks and whites to devote their lives to fighting for racial equality in th federal system【聯(lián)邦制】It is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constiuent parts, with some rights reserved to ArthurIt is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magica sword, real existence is in is the central figure of many AngloSaxonsThey were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of [大河舞] It is a very popular form of dancing based on Ireland’s intricate[錯綜復(fù)雜的]folk dances which are rearranged and modernized and adap