【正文】 hat imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer ,詞的構(gòu)成或用法，例如 buzz或 :從屬關(guān)系:并列結(jié)構(gòu)，指 短語或分句間不用連詞，如：I came, I saw, I : A literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through ,一種文學(xué)和哲學(xué)運(yùn)動，與拉爾夫?沃爾多?愛默生和瑪格麗特?富勒有關(guān)，宣稱存在一種理想的精神實(shí)體，超越于經(jīng)驗(yàn)和科學(xué)之處，通過直覺得以把握 Hawthorne wrote the Scarlet : The study of the structure and form of words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of ，詞態(tài)學(xué)，形態(tài)音位學(xué),語言或某一語言中對于單詞的結(jié)構(gòu)和形式的研究，包括詞尾變化、派生和合成詞的構(gòu)成: A plex speech sound consisting of a stop consonant輔音 followed by a fricative摩擦。s largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed other major exchanges have or had headquarters in the Wall Street area, including NASDAQ, the New York Mercantile Exchange, the New York Board of Trade, and the former American Stock by Wall Street, New York City has been called the world39。 David Thoreau’s work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England : the history of a dominant accent in the United States is General 、南方、新英格蘭 Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles披頭士或甲殼蟲樂隊(duì)in the Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游記, Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the world’s most perfect Houyhnhnms are horses in Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth : A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such ased in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful ,一種含有一個單詞的有意義的語言單位，如ed在單詞 walked中，不能被劃分為更小的有意義單位 name of the famous stadium露天體育場 in the north of London is [英國英格蘭東南部城市](位于倫敦附近,是著名的國際網(wǎng)球比賽地) in the hole is a Traditional English recipe食譜, originating from Yorkshire, a county in the north of ，面拖烤香腸: To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion（強(qiáng)制）.聯(lián)合抵制,聯(lián)合起來拒絕使用、購買或經(jīng)銷以示抗議、不滿或作為強(qiáng)制的手段: The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races, as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a predominantly white ,強(qiáng)制實(shí)行種族的社會分離政策及實(shí)踐，如在學(xué)校、居住和工業(yè)中，尤指在白人居多的社會中實(shí)行有色人種歧視的政策: An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discrimination against ,南非共和國實(shí)行的一種官方的種族隔離政策，包括在政治、: The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization。s a stage(Shakespeare)隱喻一種語言表達(dá)手法，通常用指某物的詞或詞組來指代他物，從而暗示它們之間的相似之處，如 “憂愁之?！被颉罢麄€世界一臺戲”(莎士比亞)the ship of desert沙漠之舟: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are bined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful ,一種把互相矛盾或不調(diào)和的詞合在一起的修辭手法，如在 震耳欲聾的沉默和悲傷的樂觀cruel kindness affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster is Big Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Regained was also written by : A 14line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme ,一種由十四行組成的詩歌形式，通常有一種傳統(tǒng)的押韻形式,莎士比亞用過此詩體。政黨：自由黨liberal party和保守黨progressive conservative party 澳大利亞概況： 首都：堪培拉Canberra 第一大城：悉尼，2：墨爾本 世界最大羊毛出口國國家元首：英女王，和加拿大一樣有總督和總理，聯(lián)邦制國家 政黨：工黨（最大黨）australian labour party和自由黨liberal party，和英國不同，澳大利亞有成文憲法議會參照英國，上議院senate（the upper house）和下議院house of representatives（the lower house）新西蘭概況首都：惠靈頓Wellington 第一大城：奧克蘭Auckland 世界最大羔羊肉，羊肉和奶制品出口國，稱為the world’s biggest farm 國家元首：英女王 政體：議會制君主立憲制愛爾蘭概況（注意不是北愛爾蘭哦，不是英國的一部分呢）首都：都柏林dublin 國家元首：注意了是總統(tǒng) 專八人文知識 Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles : The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing 。Article II，Executive Article執(zhí)法 總統(tǒng)任期4年Article III，Judicial Article 司法Supreme Court是國家的最高法院，以下是聯(lián)邦法院federal court，最高法院和聯(lián)邦法院的法官是總統(tǒng)任命，法官是終身職位。美國憲法起草于1789年，世界上最早的成文憲法。水門事件（Watergate scandal，或譯水門丑聞）是美國歷史上最不光彩的政治丑聞之一，其對美國本國歷史以及整個國際新聞界都有著長遠(yuǎn)的影響，在1972年的總統(tǒng)大選中，為了取得民主黨內(nèi)部競選策略的情報(bào)，1972年6月17日，以美國共和黨尼克松Nixon競選班子的首席安全問題顧問詹姆斯?麥科德（James , Jr.）為首的5人闖入位于華盛頓水門大廈的民主黨全國委員會辦公室，在安裝竊聽器并偷拍有關(guān)文件時，當(dāng)場被捕。簡單來說，越南當(dāng)時像朝鮮般南北分裂，南方是社會主義的，北方是當(dāng)時的統(tǒng)治階級，南方想要解放全國，統(tǒng)一南北。馬丁路德金開始領(lǐng)導(dǎo)黑人抵制。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展鍍金時代gilded age，借自馬克吐溫的書名，指內(nèi)戰(zhàn)到20世紀(jì)初，工業(yè)發(fā)展亨利福特henry ford大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)汽車，萊特兄弟wright brothers設(shè)計(jì)第一架飛機(jī)升天，都在這個時候 1920s的大蕭條與新政the great depression and the new deal 1929年，大蕭條開始，持續(xù)4年羅斯福新政，F(xiàn)ranklin D Roosevelt, the new deal 美國與二戰(zhàn)1941年，珍珠港被襲擊，美國正式參戰(zhàn)，核心國axis powers 北大西洋公約組織the founding of NATO 1949年，北大西洋條約簽署，North Atlantic Treaty,任何對締約國的攻擊視為對所有締約國的攻擊。二戰(zhàn)后英國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展50s60s穩(wěn)定發(fā)展階段，70s經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條，80s經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)：，推行中期財(cái)政計(jì)劃Mediumterm Financial Strategy 國教established chruches：在英國church of england，在蘇格蘭church of scotland 非國教 unestablished churches：英國圣公會anglican chruches，自由教free churches，天主教roman catholic church *************************************************************************** 美國概況國旗：13條狀紅白相間，代表original的13個州，50顆星，代表50個州 1492年，哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸，Christopher war of independence 1774年，第一屆大陸國會continental congress在費(fèi)城philadelphia召開，呼吁抵制英國貨1775年，lexington（列克星敦）和concord（康科德）打仗獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭開始。殖民擴(kuò)張Colonial Expansion 自1583年開始，英國在新大陸Newfoundland開始殖民統(tǒng)治，1900日不落帝國形成，“on which the sun never set” 君主政體英國是君主立憲制 constitutional monarchy, 元首head of state is king or queen。光榮革命 The Glorious Revolution 奧蘭治王室（William of Orange橘子？英國的名字真搞笑），用一場不流血的政變奪了王室的權(quán)，William and Mary 共同接受了Bill of Right(1689)權(quán)利法案，英國“光榮革命”后鞏固資產(chǎn)階級與封建貴族聯(lián)合專政、確立君主立憲政體的憲法性文件之一。英國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)又稱清教徒革命，因?yàn)閲醯姆磳φ叨嗍乔褰掏絇uritan。文藝復(fù)興運(yùn)動 The English Renaissance 文藝復(fù)興是中世紀(jì)到現(xiàn)代的過渡時期，從13501650，有300年，從意大利發(fā)起，達(dá)芬奇等人為代表。玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭和英國宗教改革：Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都鐸（duduo）打了玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭，都鐸勝利，終成五代都鐸王朝。it has bee the synonym of American with a constitutional monarch:Constitutional monarchy is a form of democratic government in which a nonpolitical monarch acts as head of state within the boundaries of a constitution, whether written or the monarch may hold formal reserve powers and while government officially takes place in the monarch’s name, they do not