【正文】 : A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are pared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life(Shakespeare).明喻,一種修辭手法，把兩種基本不相像的東西進行比較，通常在由 like或 as引導的短語中，如 “我的離開好象是冬天來臨”或“你對我的思想就象食物對于生命一樣重要”（莎士比亞）: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit parison, as in a sea of troubles or All the world39。因為越南戰(zhàn)爭，美國國力下降，社會分歧，形象下降。樞密院 the Privy Council，是國家執(zhí)行力機構，chief source of executive power in the state,可追溯到King’s Council 司法特點：no single legal system, no plete code,法律的來源包括：statutes法令，大量的mon law，equity law衡平法，european munity law。伊麗莎白一世時期，伊麗莎白為女王統(tǒng)治英國，她是基督教徒，大力推行新教，從此英國都是信奉新教。it has bee the synonym of American with a constitutional monarch:Constitutional monarchy is a form of democratic government in which a nonpolitical monarch acts as head of state within the boundaries of a constitution, whether written or the monarch may hold formal reserve powers and while government officially takes place in the monarch’s name, they do not set public policy or choose political can be defined as “a sovereign who reigns but does not rule.” This form of government differs from absolute monarchy, in which the monarch controls political decisionmaking and is not effectively bound by a constitutional Newspaper Culture:The United Kingdom has one of the world’s oldest established newspaper the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, as the British economy began to industrialise, as the development of the society, and as literacy levels rose through the introduction of mass education, more and more newspapers began to began to influence British society and people’s are two kinds of newspaper in the UK: the “quality press” and “tabloid”.The types of newspaper can reflect the reader’s social quality press, such as The Observer, The Guardian, and The Times normally carries indepth articles of particular political and social importance and are generally read by welleducated, middleclass tabloid refers to smaller format newspaper with color photos and catchy are usually about scandals and gossips about famous people, whether in politics, sports or articles are short and easy to readers are normally workingclass and lower class Revolution:The First Industrial Revolution first originated in the Industrial Revolution took root in Britain for a variety of , Britain had a huge , from the colonies in America and India, England acquired enormous wealth with which to develop its , the enclosure movement deprived many small landowners of their Industrial Revolution began in the textile industry and was marked by a series of important were the Spinning Jenny, the water frame, the power loom and the steam the middle of the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution was acplished in changed Britain in many industrial productivity increased became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the country also underwent a process of mass Industrial Revolution also created changed in the class structure.（）The Second Industrial Revolution（）: The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, was a phase of the larger Industrial Revolution corresponding to the latter half of the 19th century until World War is considered to have begun around the time of the introduction of Bessemer steel in the 1860s and culminated in early factory electrification, mass production and the production Third Industrial Revolution: The first two industrial revolutions made people richer and more a third revolution is under is going Election:America is a presidential government presidential election is held every four system of presidential government is includes primary election, the popular vote, the Electoral primary election is the first is time for the party candidates won the presidential candidate of their own the primary election, the candidate will spend huge amounts of money on electoral journey, petition on advertisement, electoral speeches and public most states, they work on “winner win all”.It means if one wins the most votes of will gain all the votes of these elections for the president are not decided directly by the popular vote, instead under the Electoral of the fifty states influence on the results equals its both candidates gain 269 votes, or neither of them gains 270 votes, the president will be determined by the Civil War:In the early 1800s, the Northern states turned from farming to slavery soon disappeared in the things were different in the South expanded both its agriculture and its problem of slavery became a serious political abolitionists tried to abolish slavery while the South tried to keep Abraham Lincoln was elected President, the Southern states broke away and formed a new Lincoln was determined to maintain the Union and the war broke out on April 12, 1861, Lincoln realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against he issued Emancipation England and France stood by the Union’s black slaves joined the Union a series of battles, Robert Lee could no longer hold surrendered on April 9, Civil War of Powers:The American constitutional system includes a notion known as the Separation of this system, 3 branches of government are created and power is shared between the same time, the powers of one branch can be challenged by another is what the system of checks and balances is all are three branches in the United States government as established by the , the Legislative branch makes the , the Executive branch executes the , the Judicial branch interprets the branch has an effect on the other.第三篇：英美國家概況總結英國概況 英格蘭面積最大 蘇格蘭，愛丁堡為首府威爾士，加的夫，Cardiff為首府 北愛爾蘭，貝爾法斯特Belfast為首府倫敦，UK首都，皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保羅大教堂st paul’s cathedral在這里。光榮革命 The Glorious