【正文】 Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Consultative Document The New Basel Capital Accord Issued for ment by 31 July 2020 April 2020 Table of Contents Part 1: Scope of Application ........................................................................................... 1 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 B. Banking, securities and other financial subsidiaries ..................................................... 1 C. Significant minority investments in banking, securities and other financial entities ..... 2 D. Insurance entities ........................................................................................................... 2 E. Significant investments in mercial entities .............................................................. 4 F. Deduction of investments pursuant to this part ............................................................. 4 Part 2: The First Pillar Minimum Capital Requirements ............................................ 6 I. Calculation of minimum capital requirements ............................................................... 6 II. Credit Risk The Standardised Approach ..................................................................... 6 A. The standardised approach general rules .............................................................. 6 1. Individual claims ................................................................................................. 7 (i) Claims on sovereigns ............................................................................... 7 (ii) Claims on noncentral government public sector entities (PSEs) ........... 8 (iii) Claims on multilateral development banks (MDBs) ................................. 8 (iv) Claims on banks ....................................................................................... 9 (v) Claims on securities firms ......................................................................... 10 (vi) Claims on corporates ................................................................................ 10 (vii) Claims included in the regulatory retail portfolios .................................... 11 (viii) Claims secured by residential property .................................................... 11 (ix) Claims secured by mercial real estate .............................................. 12 (x) Past due loans .......................................................................................... 12 (xi) Higherrisk categories ............................................................................... 13 (xii) Other assets ............................................................................................. 13 (xiii) Offbalance sheet items ............................................................................ 13 2. External credit assessments ............................................................................. 14 (i) The recognition process ........................................................................... 14 (ii) Eligibility criteria ........................................................................................ 14 3. Implementation considerations .......................................................................... 15 (i) The mapping process ............................................................................... 15 (ii) Multiple assessments ............................................................................... 15 (iii) Issuer versus issues assessment ............................................................ 15 (iv) Domestic currency and foreign currency assessments ........................... 16 (v) Short term/long term assessments .......................................................... 16 (vi) Level of application of the assessment .................................................... 17 (vii) Unsolicited ratings .................................................................................... 17 B. The standardised approach credit risk mitigation ................................................... 17 1. Overarching issues ............................................................................................ 17 (i) Introduction ............................................................................................... 17 (ii) General remarks ....................................................................................... 18 (iii) Legal certainty .......................................................................................... 18 2. Overview of Credit Risk Mitigation Techniques ................................................. 19 (i) Collateralised transactions ....................................................................... 19 (ii) Onbalance sheet ting ......................................................................... 21 (iii) Guarantees and credit derivatives ............................................................ 21 (iv) Maturity mismatch .................................................................................... 21 (v) Miscellaneous ........................................................................................... 22 3. Collateral ............................................................................................................ 22 (i) Eligible financial collateral ........................................................................ 22 (ii) The prehensive approach ................................................................. 23 (iii) The simple approach ...................................................