供應(yīng)鏈管理采購(gòu)與委外策略-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-01-19 03:47本頁(yè)面
【正文】 Component Availability (Shortage Risk)：零組件供應(yīng)力，代表缺貨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，會(huì)對(duì)企業(yè)滿足顧客需求的能力產(chǎn)生衝擊 Risk: Commodity Products ? Can be purchased either – in the open market through online auction, or – through the use of long term contracts ? Long term contracts guarantee certain level of supply but may be risky for the buyer – Inventory risk, shortage risk or price risk 電子化採(cǎi)購(gòu)策略（ 1） ? 間接性物料（ Indirect Material） – Typically low risk and hence the focus is on content based hubs（內(nèi)容性市集） – The objective is to use an MROhub that specializes in unifying catalogues from many suppliers – Examples: , Grainger online catalogues 電子化採(cǎi)購(gòu)策略（ 2） ? 策略性零組件（ Strategic Components） – Typically high risk ponents that can be purchased from a small number of suppliers – The objective is to use private or consortiabased emarketplace（私有或聯(lián)盟型電子市集） – The focus is on an emarketplace that allow collaboration with the suppliers – Consortia or Private? ? Transaction volume ? Number of suppliers ? Cost of building and maintaining the site ? The importance of protecting proprietary business practices ? Technology and product life cycles 電子化採(cǎi)購(gòu)策略（ 3） ? 大眾產(chǎn)品（ Commodity Products） – Products go directly into finished goods ? High risk – Many potential options to choose from – Spot Purchasing ? 策略組合 – 長(zhǎng)期合約（ LongTerm Contracts） ? Buyer and supplier mit to certain volume (called the base mitment level) ? Supplier guarantees a level of supply for a mitted price – 彈性合約或稱(chēng)選擇權(quán)合約（ Flexible or Option Contracts） ? Buyer prepay a relatively small fraction of the product price upfront, in return for a mitment from the supplier to satisfy demand up to a certain level (called the option level) ? The buyer can purchase any amount up to the option level by paying additional price for each unit purchased – 現(xiàn)貨採(cǎi)購(gòu)（ Spot Purchasing） 存貨風(fēng)險(xiǎn) (供應(yīng)商 ) N/A* 價(jià)格及缺貨風(fēng)險(xiǎn) (買(mǎi)方 ) 存貨風(fēng)險(xiǎn) (買(mǎi)方 ) 基本承諾量（ Commitment Level） 低 低 高 高 選擇水準(zhǔn) （ Option Level） *在任一情境下，選擇水準(zhǔn)和基本承諾量只會(huì)一個(gè)較高，不會(huì)同時(shí)都高。 組合契約中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)互抵關(guān)係 演講完畢，謝謝觀看！
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