【正文】 續(xù)） ? 人民法院院長 President, People39。s Courts ? 人民法庭庭長 Chief Judge, People39。s Tribunals ? 審判長 Chief Judge ? 審判員 Judge ? 書記 Clerk of the Court ? 法醫(yī) Legal Medical Expert ? 法警 Judicial Policeman ? 人民檢察院檢察長 ProcuratorGeneral, People39。s procuratorates ? 監(jiān)獄長 Warden ? 律師 Lawyer ? 公證員 Notary Public ? 總警監(jiān) Commissioner General ? 警監(jiān) Commissioner ? 警督 Supervisor ? 警司 Superintendent ? 警員 Constable 二、諺語的口譯 ? P1719 ? 常見漢語俗語英譯技巧 ? 許多中國人愛用俗語、成語、俚語。由于中美兩國文化、風(fēng)俗、思想、習(xí)慣的差異，如果照字直譯，或把單字「堆在一起」，老外聽了，也許就會(huì)「滿頭霧水」、「迷迷糊糊」，成了他們所說的「只有你們中國人聽得懂」的「中國英文」（ Chinese English）。 ? 在此，把一些常見的中文俗語與一般老外的說法相對(duì)比較，或許可供有興趣的讀者參考。 ? 1. 人山人海：有人直譯為： People mountain people sea. 這就是「中國英文」，老外很難理解。他們指「人多」時(shí)，通常只說：「 There is a large crowd of people.」如果看到電影院門前大排長龍，也只說：「 There is (was) a long movie line.」 ? 不過在詩詞用語 (poetic expression) 里，老外也有使用：「 a (the) sea of faces」，頗有咱們「人山人?！沟奈兜?。例如： 常見漢語俗語英譯技巧 （續(xù)） ? Looking out upon the sea of faces, Mr. A delivered a touching speech.（望著一片人山人海的聽眾， A先生發(fā)表一篇?jiǎng)尤说难菡f。） ? Standing at his podium, President Clinton saw a sea of faces waving at him.（克林頓總統(tǒng)站在講臺(tái)上看到人山人海的人群揮手向他致意。） ? 可見，說話者通常要在臺(tái)上或高處，才有「人?！沟母杏X。因此，可以說： I saw a sea of faces from the top of the building. 但在平地的人群中，就不說：「 I saw the sea of faces.」也不說：「 There is a sea of faces.」只說：「 I saw a large crowd of people.」 ? 2. 家家有本難念的經(jīng)：有人譯成： Every family cooking － pot has a black spot. (意思是：每個(gè)家庭的鍋?zhàn)佣加泻谏奈埸c(diǎn) ) 這樣說法，老外恐怕不能充分了解。不過老外最常的說法是： ? Many families have skeletons in the closet. (許多家庭的衣柜里都有骨骸 ) (骨骸就是指家丑 ) 或者說 ? Every family has its own source of shame. (每個(gè)家庭都有自己的丑事 ) 說白些，就是： Every family has its own problem. 常見漢語俗語英譯技巧 （續(xù)） ? 3. 天下無不散的宴席：有人直譯為： There are no feasts in the world which do not break up at last. ? 老外聽后，也許很難體會(huì)其中意義。如果按照美語說法，也許更易理解： ? All good things e to an end. (意思是：所有好的事情，總有結(jié)束的一天。 ) 假如是指好友最后也有分別的一天，那么可以說： ? Eventually, all bosom friends will drift apart. (bosom friend 是指知心的好友 ) ? 4. 平時(shí)不燒香，臨時(shí)抱佛腳：有人照字直譯為： When times are easy, we do not burn the incense,but when the trouble es, we embrace the feet of the Buddha. ? 這種說法，老外也會(huì)「一知半解」。美語里一般說法是： ? Worship God every day。 not just in times of adversity. (要每天敬拜神，不是只在困難時(shí)。 ) ? 對(duì)學(xué)生也可以說： If you study hard every day, exams will not seem overwhelming. (如果你每天用功，考試就不會(huì)形成壓力。 ) 常見漢語俗語英譯技巧 （續(xù)） ? 5. 掛羊頭，賣狗肉：有人照字直譯為： He advertises mutton, but sells dog39。s flesh. 或 He hangs up a sheep39。s head at the shop front and sells dog meat. ? 這兩種譯法，恐怕老外都難理解，尤其談到「狗肉」，他們更會(huì)「反感」，因?yàn)楣肥撬麄冏類鄣膶櫸铮贿^老外倒有相近的說法： He applied baitandswitch tactics in business. (他經(jīng)商的策略是先引誘顧客來，再改變貨物的品質(zhì)。 )(Baitand switch 當(dāng)名詞用 ) (也可不用連字號(hào) ) This store uses bait and switch policy. ? 或者簡單的說： Let the buyer be aware! (讓消費(fèi)者提高警覺 ) 。 或 Say one thing and do another. ? 6. 一言既出，駟馬難追：有人譯成： One word lets slip and four horses will fail to catch it. 或 A statement that once let loose cannot be caught by four galloping horses. 這兩種說法，中文味道嫌重，老外未必理解。不過他們倒有類似的說法： 常見漢語俗語英譯技巧 （續(xù)） ? A word once let go cannot be recalled. 或者說： ? You cannot take back what you have said. (你說出的話，就不能再收回來。 ) ? 7. 禍從口出，言多必失：有人譯為： The mouth is the gate of misfortune and evil. 老外聽了，恐怕不能完全理解。最好說成 ： ? Careless talk leads to trouble. (不小心說話，會(huì)帶來麻煩 )。 或 The less said the better. (說的愈少愈好 ) ? 甚至也可以說： Shut the mouth and open the eyes. (閉嘴少說，張眼多看。 ) 常用成語英漢互譯 常用成語英漢互譯 (1) ? 愛屋及烏 Love me, love my dog. ? 百聞不如一見 Seeing is believing. \To see is to believe. ? 比上不足，比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many。 to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst ? 笨鳥先飛 A slow sparrow should make an early start. ? 不眠之夜 white night ? 不以物喜，不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personal losses ? 不遺余力 spare no effort。 go all out。 do one39。s best 。 at no cost ? 不打不成交 No discord, no concord.‖ ? 拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻 rob Peter to pay Paul ? 辭舊迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new。 ring out the old year and ring in the new 常用成語英漢互譯 (2) ? 大事化小，小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all ? 大開眼界 open one39。s eyes。 broaden one39。s horizon。 be an eyeopener ? 國泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace ? 過猶不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough。 beyond is as wrong as falling short。 too much is as bad as too little ? 功夫不負(fù)有心人 Everything es to him who waits. ? 好了傷疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more ? 好事不出門，惡事傳千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. ? 和氣生財(cái) Harmony brings wealth ? 活到老，學(xué)到老 One is never too old to learn. ? 既往不咎 let bygones be bygones 常用成語英漢互譯 (3) ? 金無足赤 ,人無完人 Gold can39。t be pure and man can39。t be perfect. ? 金玉滿堂 Treasures fill the home ? 腳踏實(shí)地 be downtoearth ? 腳踩兩只船 sit on the fence ? 君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal。 a hedge between keeps friendship green ? 老生常談，陳詞濫調(diào) cut and dried, clich233。 ? 禮尚往來 Courtesy calls for reciprocity. ? 留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒 Where there is life, there is hope. ? 馬到成功 achieve immediate victory。 win instant success ? 名利雙收 gain in both fame and wealth ? 茅塞頓開 be suddenly enlightened 常用成語英漢互譯 (4) ? 沒有規(guī)矩不成方圓 Nothing can be acplished without norms or standards. ? 每逢佳節(jié)倍思親 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one39。s dear ones far away. /It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most. ? 謀事在人，成事在天 The planning lies with man, the oute with Heaven. / Man proposes, God disposes. ? 弄巧成拙 be too smart by half。 Cunning outwits itself. ? 拿手好戲 masterpiece ? 賠了夫人又折兵 throw good money after bad ? 拋磚引玉 a modest spur to induce others to e forward with valuable contributions。 throw a sprat to catch a whale ? 破釜沉舟 cut off all means of retreat； burn one?s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the en