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普通級轎車前懸架(麥弗遜式)設(shè)計畢業(yè)論文-資料下載頁

2025-06-28 15:59本頁面
  

【正文】 從汽車的上面往下看,左右兩個前輪形成一個開口向后的“八”字形。 前輪前束示意圖 腳尖向內(nèi),所謂“內(nèi)八字腳”的意思,指的是左右前輪分別向內(nèi)。采用這種結(jié)構(gòu)目的是修正上述前輪外傾角引起的車輪向外側(cè)轉(zhuǎn)動。如前所述,由于有外傾,方向盤操作變得容易。另一方面,由于車輪傾斜,左右前輪分別向外側(cè)轉(zhuǎn)動,為了修正這個問題,如果左右兩輪帶有向內(nèi)的角度,則正負(fù)為零,左右兩輪可保持直線行進(jìn),減少輪胎磨損。前輪外傾有使前輪向外轉(zhuǎn)向的趨勢,前輪前束有使車輪向內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)向的趨勢,可以抵消因前輪外傾帶來的不利影響,使車輪直線滾動而無橫向滑拖的現(xiàn)象,減少輪胎磨損。懸架系統(tǒng)鉸接點(diǎn)的變形,也使前輪有向外轉(zhuǎn)向的趨勢,也要靠前輪前束來補(bǔ)償。前輪前束值一般不大于8mm,其值由調(diào)節(jié)橫拉桿的長度來保證?,F(xiàn)代轎車的前束值有縮小的趨勢,前輪外傾為負(fù)值時,前束也為負(fù)值,即變?yōu)榍拜喓笫?,符合要求? 麥弗遜懸架其他零件基于CATIA的建模 車輪的建模汽車輪胎可劃分為斜交線輪胎、子午線輪胎。子午線胎與斜交線胎的根本區(qū)別在于胎體。斜交線胎的胎體是斜線交叉的簾布層;而子午線胎的胎體是聚合物多層交叉材質(zhì),其頂層是數(shù)層由鋼絲編成的鋼帶簾布,可減少輪胎被異物刺破的幾率。本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計車輪尺寸按實(shí)際東方之子車輪尺寸為205/60 R16建模: 參數(shù)名稱 數(shù)據(jù)(mm) 輪寬公稱尺寸 205 胎高公稱尺寸 123 車輪內(nèi)徑 車輪軸承建模 螺栓孔直徑Φ14mm 轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)建模 轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)建模 球軸銷直徑15mm 減振器與轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)連接件建模內(nèi)徑Φ15mm 外徑Φ30mm孔直徑Φ8mm 車架和橫向穩(wěn)定器聯(lián)合建模 麥弗遜懸架建模裝配圖6 基于adams的懸架仿真分析 ,s/mm,瞬時向上的力為9000N。 主銷內(nèi)傾角仿真分析。 主銷內(nèi)傾角變化圖由曲線可以看出:1 ,從曲線上可以得出。這說明主銷內(nèi)傾角在車輪上下跳動時的變化較小,間接表明汽車的行駛性較好,是滿足要求。2 從圖上曲線可以看出車輪主銷內(nèi)傾角時隨時間成衰減趨勢的,這從側(cè)面說明此懸架有良好的減振效果,符合懸架要求。 主銷后傾角分析。 主銷后傾角變化圖由曲線可以看出:,,是符合懸架相關(guān)要求的。 前輪外傾角分析。 前輪外傾角變化圖由曲線可以看出:,。 同樣從圖中還是可以看出振動的衰減來,同樣說明此懸架擁有減振的功能。 車輪跳動量分析。由曲線可以看出: 該懸架的車輪跳動量是成正弦衰減變化的,最終達(dá)到一個定值,說明車輪停止跳動,且車輪跳動量是23cm,這是符合要求的。 前輪前束分析。由上圖可以看出:-=,是可以滿足要求的。 定位參數(shù)與車輪跳動量聯(lián)合分析 對于實(shí)際的汽車懸架工作中,定位參數(shù)可看成隨車輪跳動量的變化而變化,故現(xiàn)測出它們的變化關(guān)系如下:由上面三個圖可以看出: 主銷內(nèi)傾角、主銷后傾角、前輪外傾角都是隨著車輪跳動量有相應(yīng)的變化,且可以從圖中看出三個定位參數(shù)在隨車輪跳動的過程中其變化范圍很小,保持在了兩度以內(nèi),符合要求。 小結(jié)從上面的仿真分析的結(jié)果可以看出,主銷內(nèi)傾角、主銷后傾角、前輪外傾角和車輪跳動量的大小和變化范圍是符合相關(guān)要求的,并且三個定位參數(shù)和車輪跳動量的變化關(guān)系符合要求。此懸架的前輪前束雖然是滿足要求,但是確是靠近了允許的最大值,最好調(diào)節(jié)將其變小到更好的范圍。同樣,從上面仿真的結(jié)果中看出了懸架的減振功能,且衰減效果良好,說明其能給汽車帶來良好的乘坐舒適性,這是符合要求的。結(jié)束語通過這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計,我深刻的認(rèn)識到懸架對汽車的重要性。也認(rèn)識到在懸架設(shè)計過程中要注意的一些問題。在整個設(shè)計過程中,我覺得麥弗遜式懸架設(shè)計最重要的是減振器的設(shè)計計算及選型。在正確的選擇好減振器后,下一個重要的任務(wù)就是彈簧的計算。在彈簧的計算過程中非常重要的是初選彈簧的中徑和彈簧的有效工作圈數(shù)及彈簧的自由長度。再一個就是橫向穩(wěn)定桿的設(shè)計,這三個都是需要校核的。其次就是一些輔助元件和連接件的選擇,這些只是選擇并不需要什么計算??傊ㄟ^這次設(shè)計我對懸架有了比較深刻的認(rèn)識。雖然麥弗遜式懸掛在行車舒適性上的表現(xiàn)令人滿意,其結(jié)構(gòu)體積不大,可有效擴(kuò)大車內(nèi)乘坐空間,但也由于其構(gòu)造為直筒式,對左右方向的沖擊缺乏阻擋力,抗剎車點(diǎn)頭作用較差。麥弗遜式懸掛是因應(yīng)前置發(fā)動機(jī)前輪驅(qū)動(FF)車型的出現(xiàn)而誕生的。FF車型不僅要求發(fā)動機(jī)要橫向放置,而且還要增加變速箱、差速器、驅(qū)動機(jī)構(gòu)、轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī),以往的前懸掛空間不得不加以壓縮并大幅刪掉,因此工程師才設(shè)計出節(jié)省空間、成本低的麥弗遜式懸掛,以符合汽車需求?,F(xiàn)在一般轎車的前后懸掛基本都是麥弗遜式或其變型。參考文獻(xiàn) [1] ,[2] ,[3] ,[4] ,[5] ,[6] ,1990 [7] 彭文生編著.機(jī)械設(shè)計手冊.華中理工大學(xué)出版社,2000[8] 張小虞編著.汽車工程手冊.人民交通出版社,2001[9] 胡海龍.CATIA V5 零件設(shè)計實(shí)例教程.第1版.北京:清華大學(xué)出版社,2007.9[10] ,北京:人民交通出版社,2001[11] ,北京:人民交通出版社,2001 [12] 孫存真,,1996[13] 唐曾寶,,1998[14] 劉斌.輕型汽車前懸架設(shè)計分析.河北工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)位論文,2006.12[15] ,2009[16] ,2006[17] 黃天澤,:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1992附錄ASpin control for carsStability control systems are the latest in a string of technologies focusing on improved diriving safety. Such systems detect the initial phases of a skid and restore directional control in 40 milliseconds, seven times faster than the reaction time of the average human. They correct vehicle paths by adjusting engine torque or applying the left orrightside brakes, or both, as needed. The technology has already been applied to the MercedesBenz S600 coupe.Automatic stability systems can detect the onset of a skid and bring a fishtailing vehicle back on course even before its driver can react. Safety glass, seat belts, crumple zones, air bags, antilock brakes, traction control, and now stability control. The continuing progression of safety systems for cars has yielded yet another device designed to keep occupants from injury. Stability control systems help drivers recover from uncontrolled skids in curves, thus avoiding spinouts and accidents. Using puters and an array of sensors, a stability control system detects the onset of a skid and restores directional control more quickly than a human driver can. Every microsecond, the system takes a snapshot, calculating whether a car is going exactly in the direction it is being steered. If there is the slightest difference between where the driver is steering and where the vehicle is going, the system corrects its path in a splitsecond by adjusting engine torque and/or applying the cat39。s left or rightside brakes as needed. Typical reaction time is 40 milliseconds seven times faster than that of the average human. A stability control system senses the driver39。s desired motion from the steering angle, the accelerator pedal position, and the brake pressure while determining the vehicle39。s actual motion from the yaw rate (vehicle rotation about its vertical axis) and lateral acceleration, explained Anton van Zanten, project leader of the Robert Bosch engineering team. Van Zanten39。s group and a team of engineers from MercedesBenz, led by project manager Armin Muller, developed the first fully effective stability control system, which regulates engine torque and wheel brake pressures using traction control ponents to minimize the difference between the desired and actual motion. Automotive safety experts believe that stability control systems will reduce the number of accidents, or at least the severity of damage. Safety statistics say that most of the deadly accidents in which a single car spins out (accounting for four percent of all deadly collisions) could be avoided using the new technology. The additional cost of the new systems are on the order of the increasingly popular antilock brake/traction control units now available for cars. The debut of stability control technology took place in Europe on the MercedesBenz S600 coupe this spring. Developed jointly during the past few years by Robert Bosch GmbH and MercedesBenz AG, both of Stuttgart, Germany, Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC). in Bosch terminology, or the Electronic Stability Program (ESP), as Mercedes calls it, maintains vehicle stability in most driving situations. Bosch developed the system, and MercedesBenz integrated it into the vehicle. M
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