【正文】 ent it from happening. Here are some tips:Don’t order too much food in a restaurant. Only order as much as we can eat. If you can’t eat all the food we order, take the rest of it home. Don’t be too picky (挑剔的) about food. Some food may not be tasty, but our body needs it. Don’t keep too much food at home, especially for fruit and vegetables. 1. How many hungry people were there all over the world in 2015?_______________________________________________________2. Why did Li Hong lose her job?_______________________________________________________3. What should we do if we can’t eat all the food we order?_______________________________________________________4. Can we keep too much food at home?_______________________________________________________5. What’s the main idea of the passage?_______________________________________________________【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了世界上的糧食短缺問(wèn)題以及食品浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題，并就此提出了幾點(diǎn)建議。1. About 795 million. 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在2015年，世界上有多少饑餓的人？根據(jù)第二段第三句“According to the UN World Food Program, there were about 795 million hungry people all over the world in 2015.”可知答案。2. Because she took some leftover food home for her son. 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：李紅為什么丟掉了工作？根據(jù)短文第三段第二句“Li Hong, a waitress in a restaurant in Jiangsu, once lost her job because she took some leftover (剩余的) food home for her son.”可知答案。3. Take the rest of it home. 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：如果我們不能吃完我們點(diǎn)的所有食物，我們應(yīng)該怎么辦？根據(jù)最后一段第三句“If you can’t eat all the food we order, take the rest of it home.”可知答案。4. No, we can’t. 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：我們能在家儲(chǔ)存太多食物嗎？根據(jù)短文最后一段最后一句“Don’t keep too much food at home…”可知答案是否定的。5. We should save food./We shouldn’t waste food. 【解析】主旨大意題。題干意為：這篇短文的主旨大意是什么？閱讀短文可知主要介紹了世界上的糧食短缺問(wèn)題以及食品浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題，并就此提出了幾點(diǎn)建議。文章主要告訴我們：要珍惜食物。據(jù)此表述即可，答案不唯一。 學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)與生活Passage 1Language learners often think they have memory problems. They worry because they can’t remember words. In fact, the problems aren’t caused by their bad memories, but the way they study.To remember words better, you need to understand how memory works. There are two kinds of memory—shortterm memory and longterm memory. When you see, hear or read something, it goes first into shortterm memory. But shortterm memory lasts for only a few seconds. You will only remember something longer if it goes into longterm memory. Your longterm memory is like a very big library with many, many books. And like a library, it’s organized(有條理的). When you put away a book—or memory—you can’t just leave it anywhere. You have to choose a place where you can find it again.How can you do this with vocabulary? The answer is to work with the word and think about the word in new ways. You can do this by writing new sentences that include it. Even better, you can invent a little story about the word, with people or places that you know. Another way is to make a picture in your mind with the word. For example, if the word is “height”, you can think of the tallest person you know and try to guess his or her height. All of these activities are good ways to remember words. They make the meanings of words stronger in your longterm memory. And they give a way to find a word when you need it.1. In the writer’s opinion, why can’t students remember words?_______________________________________________________2. How long does the shortterm memory last?_______________________________________________________3. What is the longterm memory like?_______________________________________________________4. What should we do to have a longterm memory when remembering words?_______________________________________________________5. Are the ways mentioned (提及) in the passage useful?_______________________________________________________【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章指出了學(xué)語(yǔ)言的學(xué)生記不住單詞的問(wèn)題不在于他們的記憶，而在于他們學(xué)習(xí)的方法，文章啟發(fā)和教育人們，學(xué)習(xí)要講究科學(xué)的方法。1. Because they don’t know how to study. 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在作者看來(lái)，學(xué)生為什么記不住單詞呢？根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“In fact, the problems aren’t caused by their bad memories, but the way they study.”可知學(xué)生記不住單詞是因?yàn)樗麄儗W(xué)習(xí)方法的問(wèn)題，即他們不知道如何學(xué)習(xí)。2. Shortterm memory lasts for only a few seconds. 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：短時(shí)記憶能夠持續(xù)多久呢？根據(jù)文章第二段第四句“But shortterm memory lasts for only a few seconds.”可知短時(shí)記憶只能持續(xù)幾秒鐘。3. Longterm memory is like a very big and organized library (with many books). 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶是什么樣的？根據(jù)文章第二段第六、七句“Your longterm memory is like a very big library with many, many books. And like a library, it’s organized(有條理的).”可知，長(zhǎng)期記憶如同一座藏書(shū)豐富、安排嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)而有條理的圖書(shū)館。4. We can work with the word and think about the word in new ways and make a picture in our mind with the word. 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：當(dāng)我們記單詞時(shí)怎么樣才能擁有長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶呢？根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“The answer is to work with the word and think about the word in new ways.”以及第五句“Another way is to make a picture in your mind with the word.”可知，長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶的保持主要有這兩種方式。5. Yes, they are. 【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：文章中提及的方法有用嗎？根據(jù)文章第三段倒數(shù)第三句“All of these activities are good ways to remember words.”可知，文章中提及的方法是有效的。Passage 2Every school has its own set of rules. Rules in some schools are much stricter than those of others. There are also some rules that seem strange and funny to us. Tough(粗暴) Japanese rulesMost schools ask that students wear uniforms. But many Japanese schools even regulate the color of underwear(內(nèi)衣)!Different shoes in the USFor safety at some US schools, every student must have a pair of indoor shoes to change at school. This makes sure students won’t fall over on the floors and keeps the schools clean. Gum chewing(嚼口香糖) is not allowed in many US school buildings. And if students chew gums in class, they may not focus on their study. No strange hair in the UKStrange hairstyles are not allowed in some British schools. But they might allow students to wear certain hairstyles during the World Cup years. Two students had a special design shaved into their hair during the 2002 World Cup. But they were not accepted by their school after that because the school said the rules changed since then. 1. Why are some rules in Japanese rough? __________________________________________________________2. What